<p>The Chief Vann House is the first brick residence in the Cherokee Nation, and has been called the "Showplace of the Cherokee Nation". Owned by the Cherokee Chief James Vann, the Vann House is a Georgia Historic Site on the National Register of Historic Places and one of the oldest remaining structures in the northern third of the state of Georgia. It is located in Murray County, on the outskirts of Chatsworth in northwest Georgia, which has a commanding view of the land around it and of the Cohutta Mountains, about 10 mi to the east.</p><br>
<h2>Construction of the Vann House</h2><br>
<p>When James Vann was rising to become the wealthiest businessman in the Cherokee Nation as well as a chief, he decided to build a two-story brick house which would reflect his status. He brought in professional architects for its design. In addition to providing an education to local Cherokees, the Moravians contributed to the building.</p><br>
<p>In July 1803, a man named Vogt (perhaps James Vann’s brother in-law Charles Vogt), and Dr. Henry Chandlee Forman, arrived to begin construction. Work began in late 1803 and the house was completed early in 1804. Both the exterior walls (which are around eighteen inches thick) and the interior walls (around eight inches thick) are solid brick. These bricks came from the red clay located on the Spring Place Plantation (Vann House) property. Handwrought nails and hinges came from Vann&#39;s own blacksmith shop. Only the interior walls of the third floor are plaster on wood.</p><br>
<p>The house is a combination of late Federal style architecture and early Georgian style. It has two full stories with a half third story: the ceilings of both the first and second floor stand at twelve feet, while the ceiling of the third floor stands at only six feet.</p><br>
<p>The first and second floors have the standard three rooms. On both levels there is a room to the east, a room to the west, and a hallway dividing the two. On the first level, the dining room is to the east, while the west room is the drawing room, more commonly referred to as a family or living room. On the second floor, the east room is the master bedroom and the west room is the guest bedroom. Only the third floor, which operated as storage space during James’s life and then as children&#39;s rooms during Joseph’s life, strays from this common design.</p><br>
<p>The third floor is divided into two rooms. The room that the stairway leads into on the third floor is believed to have served as the boys room. This room is two-thirds the width of the home and has two closets cut into its walls. The second room of the third floor is the girls. It is only one-third the width of the home; however, this room could be shut off from the boys&#39; room, giving the girls more privacy.</p><br>
<p>The Vann House also features a basement with two separate rooms, one of which was utilized as a wine cellar. The other is assumed to have been a chamber for misbehaving slaves, to whom James Vann was known to be exceptionally cruel.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the home is decorated in red, blue, green, and yellow. White is used throughout the home but only as a filler color. There are two possible reasons for these four colors in the home. The first possibility is that these four colors represent different elements of nature. Red represents the Georgia red clay, blue represents the sky, green represents the trees and grass, and yellow represents the wheat and corn of the harvest. The second possibility is that these four colors are part of Federal style colors.</p><br>
<p>These colors were often used in other homes of the late 1700s and early 1800s. The only difference between how these colors were used in this home versus how they are used in other homes of the time is the way in which they are distributed. Most homes of the Federal period would concentrate colors in one room, giving a house a red room, blue room, etc. However, in the Vann House the colors have been mixed in almost every room, for a multi-color appearance, as well as on the mantels, doorjambs, and wainscottings, all of which are original to the house.</p><br>
<p>The house&#39;s doors, known as Christian doors, are of special interest. Their details feature a cross and an open Bible.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the blacksmith shop, the 800 acre property around the Vann House included 42 slave cabins, 6 barns, 5 smokehouses, a trading post, more than 1,000 peach trees, 147 apple trees, and a still.</p><br>
<p>After constructing the Vann House, James lived at the house for 5 years before he was killed at Buffington’s Tavern in 1809. After his death, his favorite child, Rich Joe Vann, neither his youngest or eldest child, inherited the house.</p><br>
<h2>Rich Joe's Vann House</h2><br>
<p>After Rich Joe&#39;s father died, he made improvements and changes to the new house. After Rich Joe took control of the home, he commissioned and paid for decorating the house between 1809 and 1818.</p><br>
<p>Rich Joe hired a father and son construction crew for this work. In 1818, John McCartney and his son James arrived at the Vann House and began their work. The McCartneys added all of the current woodwork in the house, including ionic columns. They also built the house’s most unusual piece of architecture, a floating staircase in the hallway of the third floor. It is said to be "floating" or "hanging," because the second landing of the staircase sits over the first floor hall with no visible supports, with the illusion that the landing is hanging or floating in midair.</p><br>
<p>The Vann stairway is one of the oldest examples of cantilevered construction in Georgia. This was on one side of the main entrance, which originally faced the Federal Road, and works like a set of scales. To get a set of scales to balance themselves, an equal weight must be applied to each side. Though half of the staircase is suspended over the first floor hallway, roughly six inches of the opposite side of the stairway is in a solid brick wall. The brick wall is far denser than the second landing; this means there will never be enough weight on the landing to “tip the scale.”</p><br>
<p>In 1819, President James Monroe and his three men were on a trip from Augusta to Nashville. They intended to spend the night in the Spartan Moravian mission at Spring Place, but instead President Monroe went to a nearby location, The Vann House, which he found more comfortable than the mission, so he asked Rich Joe permission to spend the night. Rich Joe was 20 years old when he met President Monroe.</p><br>
<h2>Eviction of Rich Joe and seizure of Vann House</h2><br>
<p>After the Georgia Gold Rush, Rich Joe hired a white man, a Mr. Howel, to run Vann House. Although he never actually worked for Vann, the Cherokee had unknowingly violated a new Georgia law forbidding whites from working for Cherokees without a permit. Leading up to the Cherokee Trail of Tears, Rich Joe and his family were caught in the midst of the struggle between two opposing claims for the house. Colonel William Bishop and the infamous Georgia Guard tried to take over the house on the grounds of his hiring a white man without a permit. Spencer Riley, who claimed to have won the house in the Land Lottery of 1832, known as the Sixth Georgia Land Lottery, made a claim for the house at the same time. Rich Joe was then evicted by Colonel Bishop.</p><br>
<p>Colonel Bishop used the house as his local headquarters and permitted his brother, Absalom Bishop, to live there. Riley then took action on his claim and settled in the house. In order to get rid of Riley, Bishop took a smoldering log and threw it on the cantilevered steps to smoke him out, causing some damage to the house. This had its intended effect, and Bishop&#39;s brother returned to the house.</p><br>
<p>Although Vann and his family lost their home and property, he later sued for the loss and was awarded $19,605 by the government as compensation. It is worth noting that the house alone was valued at $10,000, so the compensation was far from the actual property value.</p><br>
<p>In November of that year, Colonel Bishop imprisoned John Howard Payne for 13 days on the grounds of the house. Payne, noted as composer of "Home, Sweet Home", had been charged with sedition for supporting the claims of the Cherokee over the state of Georgia.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration of the Vann House</h2><br>
<p>Rich Joe and his family were finally forced out of the house in March, 1835 and moved to Webbers Falls, Oklahoma by following the Trail of Tears. They never returned to Georgia or their house.</p><br>
<p>Over the years, the Vann House has had seventeen different owners. In 1952, J. E. Bradford, a physician who had purchased it in 1920, sold the house to the Georgia Historical Commission and the State of Georgia. The house was then in such a state of disrepair that the roof had come off and the elements were taking their toll.</p><br>
<p>One of the owners had added a room after Rich Joe left Georgia. A restoration project began in 1958, which took six years to complete and included demolishing this additional room that was not present in the original house, and repainting the house according to its original color scheme. Today it is administered by the Parks, Recreation, and Historic Sites division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources.</p><br>
<h2>Robert E. Chambers Interpretive Center</h2><br>
<p>The State of Georgia, Cherokees, and the State of Oklahoma, as well as other supporters, donated to build a newly designed museum called the "Robert E. Chambers Interpretive Center" in 1999, next to the Vann House. It was opened on July 27, 2002, to honor the Cherokee people and their history. The new center also highlights the lives of Chiefs James and Joseph Vann, as well as</p><br>
<p>featuring the history of the Cherokee Nation over the past 200 years, including the infamous Trail of Tears. Robert E. Chambers was named for supporting the Cherokee, as he was native businessman of Chatsworth.</p><br>
<p>Shenandoah Mountain is a mountain ridge approximately 73 mi long in Virginia and West Virginia. The steep, narrow, sandstone-capped ridge extends from northern Bath County, Virginia to southern Hardy County, West Virginia. Along the way, its crest defines the borders between Highland and Augusta counties, Virginia, and between Pendleton County, West Virginia, and Rockingham County, Virginia. The name comes from the Iroquoian word for deer.</p><br>
<p>Located in the Ridge and Valley physiographic province of the Appalachian Mountains, Shenandoah Mountain forms part of the western margin of the Shenandoah Valley, and is part of the easternmost Allegheny Mountains. It lies almost entirely within the George Washington National Forest. USA Route 33 crosses the mountain between Franklin, West Virginia, and Harrisonburg, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Shenandoah Mountain&#39;s highest peaks are Reddish Knob (Virginia/West Virginia; 4397’/1340 m), Flagpole Knob (Virginia; 4383’/1336 m), and Bald Knob (Virginia; 3680’/1122 m).</p><br>
<p>Located in central Warren County, New Jersey, Merrill Creek Reservoir is a 650-acre  artificial lake that is surrounded by 290 acres  of protected woodland and fields. These lands are themselves part of 2,000 acre of open spaces.</p><br>
<p>Merrill Creek is connected to the Delaware River, about three miles away, by an underground tunnel. The earthen Merrill Creek Dam (National ID # NJ00864), with a height of 280 feet and a length at its crest of 1140 feet, was built in 1988 by a consortium of seven electric utilities, under mandate of the Delaware River Basin Commission. It replaces the river water lost through evaporation in the cooling of 14 power plants. The owners, known as the Merrill Creek Owners Group, are Public Service Electric and Gas, which built the reservoir for the group; Jersey Central Power and Light, Atlantic City Electric, Metropolitan Edison, Philadelphia Electric, Pennsylvania Power and Light, and Delmarva Power and Light.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir draws water from the Delaware in springtime, when river flow normally is abundant, and restores it in the summer, when the flow is usually meager and - compounding the problem - demand for electricity for air-conditioning is high. In addition, by maintaining an ample Delaware River flow, seawater intrusion into the aquifers that provide drinking water to many South Jersey communities, including Camden, will be minimized. Construction cost $217 million and was one of the largest construction projects in the United States in 1986-87. The entire site was cleared of dense forest by huge tree-eating machines, and construction crews worked two 12-hour shifts to build a large earth dam and two dikes.</p><br>
<p>Launching facilities are provided for recreational boating, but no gasoline motors are allowed. The reservoir and surrounding parkland offer visitors an opportunity to engage in outdoor activity. Some of the abundant wildlife around the lake includes bald eagles, crows, white-tailed deer, turkey, and other various migratory birds. The reservoir is best known for its brown trout fishing. Other fish in the reservoir include walleye, yellow perch, small and largemouth bass, chain pickerel, crappie, catfish, sunfish, carp, rainbow trout, brook trout and lake trout.</p><br>
<p>The lake is about two hundred thirty-five feet deep, making it the deepest man-made lake in New Jersey. The depth allows for lake trout to exist and other trout to exist year round. This is one of two lakes in New Jersey where lake trout exist. The other is Round Valley Reservoir in Hunterdon County.</p><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s visitor center features natural history and cultural exhibits and offers environmental education programs for all age groups ranging from pre-K through adults.</p><br>
<p>Hornby Island of British Columbia, Canada, is a Salish Sea island located near Vancouver Island&#39;s Comox Valley.</p><br>
<p>A small community of 958 residents (as of the 2011 census), Hornby is home to many artists, retired professionals, small business owners, remote workers, and young families who share a love of rural island life. Over the past 30 years, the island has become a coveted destination and its population easily quadruples in size during the summer months. The shoulder seasons are a preferred time for hiking, mountain biking, marine activities, weddings, and retreats. Most people reach the island by ferries from Buckley Bay, Vancouver Island. A growing number of private boats also visit through mooring at the Ford Cove Marina or anchoring at Tribune Bay. The closest airport is Comox Valley Airport in Comox, which provides regional, national, and international service.</p><br>
<p>The primary destinations on Hornby are Tribune Bay Provincial Park, Helliwell Provincial Park, Ford&#39;s Cove, Heron Rocks and Whaling Station Bay. The island is also a popular mountain biking destination, with a variety of designated trails in Mount Geoffrey Regional Nature Park, Mount Geoffrey Escarpment Provincial Park and Crown Land. The total land area is 29.92 km&sup2, of which 40% is parkland.</p><br>
<h2>Island geology and history</h2><br>
<p>The island is geographically distinctive as it was formed by post-glacial rebound with the retreat of the last ice age. Before the arrival of European settlers, the island was inhabited by the Pentlatch, a Coast Salish First Nations band who called the Island Ja-dai-aich, meaning The Outer Island. The island was found and named Isla de Lerena during the 1791 voyage of the Spanish ship Santa Saturnina, under Juan Carrasco and José María Narváez. The name honors the Spanish Finance Minister, Don Pedro López de Lerena, who supported the movement of Spanish Ships over there.</p><br>
<p>In 1850 the British renamed it after Rear Admiral Phipps Hornby, then Commander of the Pacific Station.</p><br>
<h2>Vegetation and soils</h2><br>
<p>Hornby Island is mostly covered by mixed forest dominated by Douglas-fir. Western red cedar, western hemlock, grand fir and lodgepole pine are the other large conifers present. The smaller Pacific yew is scattered in the understorey. The arbutus, a broadleaf evergreen species, is plentiful. Broadleaf deciduous trees include bigleaf maple, red alder, black cottonwood, Pacific flowering dogwood, cascara and several species of willow. Populations of Garry oak occur on the southern end of the island and at Helliwell Provincial Park. Only about 260 acre of undisturbed stands for older forest have been identified on Hornby Island, which amount to roughly 3.5% of the island&#39;s area. There are roughly 1,330 acres of older second-growth stands on the island, which amount to 19% of the island.</p><br>
<p>The islands soils have developed from marine deposits of variable texture, except for the higher elevations and steeper slopes where weathered clastic sedimentary rock provides the parent material. Most of Hornbys soils are sandy or gravelly, but some deep black loams occur in the northwestern part and many of the sands at the southern end have loam-textured topsoils. Podzols are common and the bleached sand grains associated with their eluvial (A2, Ae or E) horizons lend a salt-and-pepper appearance to many forest trails. In most cases, though, the E is not very thick and may be discontinuous. On this account, the soils were mostly classified as Brown Podzolic in a soil survey published in 1959. All of the island&#39;s soils are strongly acidic in their natural state except for those which have developed on shoreline shell middens.</p><br>
<h2>Fossils</h2><br>
<p>Fossil collectors have found Ammonite and Baculite fossils at Boulder Point on Hornby Island.</p><br>
<p>A new species of pterosaur (flying reptile) called Gwawinapterus beardi was identified based on a fossil found on a beach on Hornby Island.</p><br>
<p>Whiteface Mountain is the fifth-highest mountain in the USA state of New York, and one of the High Peaks of the Adirondack Mountains. Set apart from most of the other High Peaks, the summit offers a 360-degree view of the Adirondacks and clear-day glimpses of Vermont and even Canada, where the skyscrapers of Montreal, 80 mi away, can be seen on a very clear day. Located in the town of Wilmington, about 13 mi from Lake Placid, the mountain&#39;s east slope is home to a major ski area which hosted the alpine skiing competitions of the 1980 Winter Olympics. Unique among the High Peaks, Whiteface features a developed summit and seasonal accessibility by motor vehicle. Whiteface Memorial Highway reaches a parking area at an elevation of 4,600 ft, with the remaining 267 ft being obtained by tunnel and elevator.</p><br>
<p>Conceived and initiated prior to the Great Depression, Whiteface Castle and the Whiteface Mountain Veterans Memorial Highway were funded entirely by the state of New York, though the timing of the project led to a widespread belief that they were Depression Era public works projects arising from the New Deal. Construction on the toll road began in 1929, after passage of a necessary amendment to the state constitution, with a groundbreaking ceremony featuring then-New York State Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt. Eventually costing 1.2 million dollars ( million in dollars) and ending vertically within 300 ft of the summit the roadway is 5 mi long and features an impressively steep 8% average grade. Officially opened July 20, 1935, in a ceremony featuring Roosevelt, by then President, the highway was dedicated to veterans of the Great War.</p><br>
<p>Whiteface Castle, built with granite excavated during the road construction, dominates the summit area. From the adjacent parking lot there are two routes to the summit proper. The first route is the Stairway Ridge Trail, a footpath with handrails and intermittent cement and stone steps approximately 0.2 mi long. The second is a 424 ft long tunnel into the core of the mountain. At the end of the tunnel is an elevator, which rises 276 ft, approximately 27 stories, to the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Whiteface Mountain Ski Area</h2><br>
<p>Whiteface was part of the post-World War II growth in recreational skiing attributed to the efforts of returning veterans of the USA Army&#39;s 10th Mountain Division. It is a major ski area, run by the Olympic Regional Development Authority. Known for its big-mountain skiing, Whiteface is consistently ranked as one of the top ski resorts in the Northeast. It was a prime venue of the 1980 Winter Olympics, hosting all six of the alpine ski events. Whiteface regularly hosts major alpine ski events, such as the US Alpine Skiing Championships, most recently in 2010, and is a USA Olympic Training Site.</p><br>
<p>Whitefaces highest lift unloads at 4,386 ft, a vertical drop of 3,166 ft to the base area at 1,220 ft. Its hike-to terrain, The Slides, is 264 ft higher at 4,650 ft, providing Whiteface with the greatest continuous vertical drop in eastern North America at 3,430 ft. This is more vertical than Aspen in Colorado; Snowbird in Utah; Killington, Stowe, Jay Peak, Mad River Glen and Stratton in Vermont; Sugarloaf in Maine; Lake Louise in Alberta; and Mont Tremblant in Quebec. Its neighbor, Little Whiteface, tops in elevation at 3,676 ft. Whiteface has a total of 22 mi of ski terrain, spread out over 88 trails. 314 acre of skiing area includes 35 in-bounds, off-piste double-black diamond wilderness terrain skiing on "The Slides" (conditions permitting), 85.5 acre of tree skiing, 35 acre of expert extreme adventure terrain. The Slides is an unmaintained wilderness area that is rarely open due to safety hazards. They can only be accessed by hiking from the top of the Summit Quad. A 13 acre terrain park referred to as the "Park N Pipe" was added in 2000–01 with ramps, rails, and pipes. Whiteface has a separate area for beginners known as Bear Den Mountain (formerly Kids Kampus).</p><br>
<p>In recent years there have been major improvements in snowmaking and grooming. Whiteface contains 88 trails accessible by one gondola, nine chairlifts, and one conveyor lift. Some 98% of the trails are covered by snowmaking, excluding the glades and the Slides. The Slides are double-black diamond runs that are usually only open at the end of the skiing season due to avalanche danger. They are between 35 and 40 degrees with high natural hazards (such as waterfalls, rocks, cliffs, trees, and variable conditions) vertically for over 1,250 ft. The Slides are considered to be one of the most challenging ski slopes that are marked on a trail map in the Northeast.</p><br>
<p>In summer, Whiteface Mountain offers gondola rides and mountain biking.</p><br>
<p>The Beartooth Mountains are located in south central Montana and northwest Wyoming, USA and are part of the 900,000 acre  Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness, within Custer, Gallatin and Shoshone National Forests. The Beartooths are the location of Granite Peak, which at 12,807 feet  is the highest point in the state of Montana. The mountains are just northeast of Yellowstone National Park</p><br>
<p>and are part of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. The mountains are traversed by road via the Beartooth Highway (USA 212) with the highest elevation at Beartooth Pass (10,947 ft, 3,345 m). The name of the mountain range is attributed to a rugged peak found in the range, Beartooth Peak, that has the appearance of a bear&#39;s tooth.</p><br>
<h2>History and ecology</h2><br>
<p>The remoteness of the region contributed to their obscurity until the 1870s. The Crow tribe of Native Americans used the valleys of the mountains for hunting game animals and for winter shelter from the harsh winds of the plains. Though trappers entered the region in the 1830s, formal exploration by the USA Government did not occur until 1878. Since then, almost 400 species of plants have been discovered and the Beartooths are considered to be the most biologically unique mountain range in North America. The region is also home to one of the largest populations of grizzly bears outside of Alaska and Canada. Black bears, mountain goats, bighorn sheep, elk, moose, wolverine, mountain lion, and lynx are also found here. in the Beartooth Mountains</p><br>
<p>Since 2000 the wolf has also reappeared from the migration of wolves that were transplanted into neighboring Yellowstone National Park from Canada. Primarily plants and grasses exist above the 9,000 foot (2,700 m) timberline and Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir, whitebark pine, and lodgepole pine are found below.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Beartooth mountains are composed of Precambrian granite and crystalline metamorphic rocks dated at approximately 4 to 2.7 billion years old, making these rocks among the oldest on Earth. The Stillwater igneous complex within the mountains is the location of the largest known deposits of platinum and chromium and the second largest deposits of nickel found in the United States. Older ages (4-3.2 billion years) are found in zircon crystals in meta-sedimentary rocks. The most abundant rocks in the Beartooths (gneiss, amphibolites and granites, as well as the Stillwater Complex) are 2.9-2.7 billion years old.</p><br>
<h2>Elevation and peaks</h2><br>
<p>Huge expansive plateaus are found at altitudes in excess of 10,000 ft with over 25 peaks exceeding 12,000 ft. The mountains have over 300 pristine lakes and some waterfalls in excess of 300 feet (91 m). Winters are severe with heavy snow and incessant winds. Approximately 25 small glaciers exist in the Beartooths with Grasshopper Glacier being one of the more distinctive.</p><br>
<p>The highest peaks of the Beartooth Mountains are clustered in three groups, topped by Granite Peak, Mount Wood 12,649 ft, and Castle Mountain 12,617 ft. The cluster containing Mount Wood is named the Granite Range. The largest of these three contiguous areas above 10,000 ft, which extends into Wyoming, is the one dominated by Castle Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Saddleback, sometimes called Old Saddleback or Saddleback Mountain, is the landmark formed by the two highest peaks in the Santa Ana Mountains and the ridge between them. This formation, which resembles a saddle when viewed from most of Orange County, California, dominates the county&#39;s eastern skyline, and on the clearest days can be seen from most of the Greater Los Angeles Area.</p><br>
<p>Santiago Peak is the highest peak in the range and the highest point in the county at 5,689 ft. Modjeska Peak is the second highest at 5,496 ft. The two peaks form part of the border between Orange and Riverside Counties.</p><br>
<p>The hilly land in south Orange County is known colloquially as Saddleback Valley, and hence many institutions are named after Saddleback, including Saddleback Church, Saddleback College, and the Saddleback Valley Unified School District.</p><br>
<p>Driving up through Silverado Canyon, you will notice igneous volcanic rock, which indicates that Saddleback Mountain was formed prior to the San Andreas fault line, back when there was a subduction zone of the Pacific Ocean floor going under California.</p><br>
<p>The White Carpathians  are a mountain range on the border of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, part of the Carpathians.</p><br>
<p>They are part of the Slovak-Moravian Carpathians, stretching from the Váh river and the Little Carpathians in the south along the border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the Morava and the Javorníky range in the north.</p><br>
<p>The mean elevation is 473 m (1,552 ft) and the highest peaks are:</p><br>
<p>Veľká Javorina (Velká Javořina), 970 m (3,182 ft)</p><br>
<p>Chmeľová, 925 m (3,035 ft)</p><br>
<p>Jelenec, 925 m (3,035 ft)</p><br>
<p>Veľký Lopeník (Velký Lopeník), 911 m (2,989 ft)</p><br>
<p>Kobylinec, 911 m (2,989 ft)</p><br>
<p>The landscape is protected on both sides of the mountains: Biele Karpaty Protected Landscape Area in Slovakia, founded in 1979, and Bílé Karpaty Protected Landscape Area in the Czech Republic, founded in 1980, a Man and Biosphere Reserve since 1996. The areas contain a wide variety of fauna and flora. Some species found there are endemic, especially some types of orchids which grow only in the meadows of the White Carpathians.</p><br>
<p>In this area, Lednica castle is located, perhaps the most inaccessible one amongst the castles in Slovakia. It was built in the middle of the 13th century and it was the seat of the Lednice estate. Austrian imperial troops destroyed it at the beginning of the 18th century. Only the remains of walls survive.</p><br>
<p>Bellingrath Gardens and Home is the 65 acre public garden and historic home of Walter and Bessie Bellingrath, located on the Fowl River in Theodore, near Mobile, Alabama. Walter Bellingrath was one of the first Coca-Cola bottlers in the Southeast, and with his wealth built the estate garden and home. He and his wife, Bessie, lived in the home which has since been converted into a museum. Since the gardens opened to the public in 1932, they continue to welcome visitors to enjoy year-round floral pageantry. Ten percent of all membership contributions go to the Bellingrath Gardens and Home Foundation&#39;s Endowment Fund. The site was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on September 14, 1977, and on the National Register of Historic Places on October 19, 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens</h2><br>
<p>Bellingrath Gardens and Home encompasses approximately 900 acre along the Fowl River. Sixty-five acres are cultivated with annual blooms and continuous color. The gardens include a bridal garden, a conservatory, a great lawn, the Harrigon/ExxonMobil Bayou Boardwalk, a nature walk, the Asian-American garden, a rose garden, a chapel, the Little Mermaid Fountain, Mirror Lake, an observation tower, and the Delchamps Gallery of Boehm Porcelain. The garden pathways are composed of flagstone that had been obtained from the old city sidewalks in Mobile, where they had been in place since arriving as ballast in sailing vessels collecting loads of cotton for the mills at Manchester, England. The gardens feature live oaks, camellias, azaleas, roses, and chrysanthemums year round. Plants featured in winter are tulips, snapdragons, pansies, ornamental cabbage and kale, daffodils, poppies, primroses, and many varieties of narcissus. Plants featured in spring include more than 250,000 azaleas, hydrangeas, Easter lilies, impatiens, salvia, fuchsia, and Pelargonium geraniums. Plants featured in summer are the more than 2,000 roses, allamandas, hibiscus, copper plants, begonias, ornamental peppers, bougainvillea, caladiums, coleus, vinca, and marigolds. Plants featured in fall are over 8,000 bedded, potted and cascading chrysanthemums, hibiscus, and copper plants. Special events and weddings are held throughout the year in the gardens.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property on which the gardens would eventually be constructed were purchased in 1917 as a fishing camp by Walter Bellingrath, president of the local Coca-Cola bottling plant. Bellingrath bought the property to balance his work-life schedule. The transformation from the "Belle Camp" fishing post into what is now Bellingrath Gardens and Home is largely thanks to Bessie Mae Morse Bellingrath, who had married Walter in 1906. The house design borrowed elements from many traditions and eras. Some of the most obvious are a formal Georgian staircase reminiscent of an English country house, French doors, and a Mediterranean courtyard.</p><br>
<p>Walter and Bessie Morse Bellingrath opened their gardens to the public for the first time on April 7, 1932. The home opened to the general public as a museum in 1956, after the 1955 death of Mr. Bellingrath at the age of 86, and features all of its original furnishings from Mrs. Bellingrath.</p><br>
<p>The Bellingraths had no children, and after Bessies death in 1943 Walter dedicated the rest of his life to work on the gardens she had worked so hard to create. In 1950, Walter D. Bellingrath founded the Bellingrath-Morse Foundation at the age of 80 to perpetuate his beloved gardens and home for future generations to enjoy. The foundation benefits Rhodes College in Memphis, Tennessee, Stillman College in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and Huntingdon College in Montgomery, Alabama, as well as Bellingraths church, Central Presbyterian, and his wifes familys St. Francis Street Methodist; these institutions receive approximately 80% of the foundation&#39;s earnings. Although the gardens receive income from the Bellingrath-Morse Foundation, two-thirds of current operations are financed by admissions, gift shop and restaurant sales, membership, and donations. Bellingrath Gardens and Home is dedicated to the preservation and enhancement of the garden and grand estate home through the highest quality horticultural standards of display and by welcoming visitors in the same spirit that the Bellingraths welcomed the community to their private estate.</p><br>
<h2>Yearly Events at Bellingrath</h2><br>
<p>Throughout the year, the community is welcomed to the garden for a variety of events, which include an Easter egg hunt on the Great Lawn, an Easter sunrise service on the Live Oak Plaza, the Balloon Glow with trick-or-treating throughout the gardens each fall, and the nationally recognized Magic Christmas in Lights each winter. The gardens are also home to the largest outdoor display of cascading chrysanthemums in the USA each fall. During the summer and winter, the community is invited to a series of educational events called "Wonderful Wednesdays".</p><br>
<h3>Christmas Season</h3><br>
<p>Bellingrath Gardens celebrates the Christmas season with a display of over 3 million lights that is known as the "Magic Christmas in Lights". The light show began in 1995; it runs from the Friday after Thanksgiving through New Years Eve. It features over 3 million lights with 1,000 set pieces in 13 themed scenes spaced around the estate. USA Today included Bellingraths Magic Christmas in Lights on its 2014 list of the "10 Best Public Light Displays in America&quot votes from online readers put Bellingrath in sixth place.</p><br>
<h3>Cascading Mums Display</h3><br>
<p>Bellingrath works throughout the year to create a spectacular display of mums. Each year, Bellingrath welcomes cascades, spheres, baskets and columns to the flower beds, decorating the gardens in an impressive fall fashion. Hundreds of colorful four-foot long cascades are displayed on bridges and balconies, in baskets and containers throughout the gardens. It takes over nine months to grow a single crop. The first Cascading Mums Display was held on November 3, 1963. On that day, the garden admission fee was waived, and over 14,727 visitors flocked to the gardens. Stock plants for the cascade mums were obtained from Longwood Gardens in Pennsylvania. While Longwood Gardens Chrysanthemum Festival, begun in 1921, is perhaps the largest indoor display, Bellingraths display of cascading mums, columns, spheres and baskets is the largest outdoor display.</p><br>
<h2>Awards</h2><br>
<p>On July 18, 1938, the Bellingraths returned from a visit to New Orleans to find a crowd of more than 200 friends and well-wishers in their driveway. A bronze plaque and stone bench had been installed in their absence. It thanks them for opening their estate to the public and "their untiring effort for the up-building of the City of Mobile and this Charm Spot of the Deep South."</p><br>
<p>On September 9, 1977, the Bellingrath Home was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage.</p><br>
<p>On October 19, 1982, the Bellingrath Home was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>On November 24, 1996, the "Garden Estates" episode of America&#39;s Castes premiered on Arts and Entertainment Network television featuring Bellingrath Gardens and Home.</p><br>
<p>On May 13, 1999, Good Morning America was filmed at Bellingrath Gardens with Charles Gibson, Diane Sawyer, a former Junior Miss, and Faith Hill.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, Bellingrath Rosarian Linda Guy was awarded the American Rose Society Bronze Honor Medal.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, Better Homes and Gardens special interest publication, Country Gardens, featured Bellingrath Gardens&#39; annual Cascading Mums Display.</p><br>
<p>On December 15, 2014, USA Today included Bellingrath Gardens and Home&#39;s Magic Christmas in Lights on its list of the "10 Best Public Light Displays in America&quot votes from online readers put Bellingrath in sixth place.</p><br>
<p>On June 4, 2015, Dr. William E. Barrick was selected to receive the American Horticultural Society&#39;s 2015 Liberty Hyde Bailey Award.</p><br>
<p>The Bartlett Arboretum  is a historic, nonprofit arboretum located in Belle Plaine, Kansas, United States. It is privately owned, and open to the public only upon special request.</p><br>
<p>The Arboretum was established in 1910 by Dr. Walter Bartlett, a general practitioner from Belle Plaine, who purchased pastureland to create his own arboretum. In the 1930s the arboretum became an approved test site for the United States Department of Agriculture which provided plants and trees from around the world for hardiness tests.</p><br>
<p>The Arboretum now contains massive cypress, oaks and champion Japanese maples. Its steward is Robin Lynn Macy, otherwise known as a founding member of the Dixie Chicks bluegrass and country music group.</p><br>
<p>It was developed over many years, from relatively barren land with water only in a slough. Early in the process, Bartlett formed a dam and also built 4 islands in the slough.</p><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service:</p><br>
<p>The Bartlett Arboretum is a private fifteen acre park in rural Belle Plaine, Kansas, that evolved in early 20th century from a recreational park and conservation area to an arboretum with formal gardens and experimental plots and nurseries. The arboretum largely reflects the influences of professional landscape architect and horticulturist Glenn Bartlett, his wife and floral expert Margaret Bartlett, and Glenn’s father who first purchased the property in 1910 to be used as a public athletic field for the small community and as a natural reserve complete with water fowl and non-indigenous trees. After years of being under maintained, the Bartlett Arboretum is currently being restored with the goal for it to serve as an educational and events space.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on April 19, 2010.</p><br>
<p>Uummannaq Island  is a small  island in the Qaasuitsup municipality in northwestern Greenland. Located in the south-central part of the Uummannaq Fjord, it is home to the most prominent mountain on the Arctic coast of western Greenland and to Uummannaq, the largest town north of Ilulissat.</p><br>
<p>The island is separated from Nuussuaq Peninsula in the southwest by Sarqarput Strait in the southern arm of Uummannaq Fjord. In the east, the island is separated from the Salliaruseq Island by the wide Assorput Strait. To the north, the central arm of Uummannaq Fjord separates it from the large Appat Island and the skerries of Saattut.</p><br>
<h2>Map of the island</h2><br>
<h2>Coast</h2><br>
<p>The island has a very undeveloped coast, with a handful of small, rocky bays primarily in the southernmost, inhabited part. The only significant bay is Qasigissat (Spraglebugten) on the southwestern shore. The weakly indented Iterlak bay is located on the northwestern coast of the island. The sea is the only means of transport to the uninhabited northern part of the island.</p><br>
<h3>Harbours</h3><br>
<p>The Uummannaq port occupies a small inlet in the southeastern end of the island. It is not deep enough to service large cruise ships, but sufficiently deep to handle supply and fishing ships of Royal Arctic Line and Royal Greenland, as well as motorboats and lesser fishing boats. There are several small bays between the port and Nuussuatsiaq promontory, in the vicinity of the heliport.</p><br>
<p>Fishermen of Uummannaq town peruse the entire southern coast for anchorage of smaller fishing boats and motorboats. Outside the urbanized part of the island there are several inlets and coves providing protection for fishing nets and, in the summer, dogsleds. During summertime, a small and otherwise economically uninteresting skerry in Qasigissat Bay is used as an observation point for marine life, particularly fish schools migrating alongside the coast.</p><br>
<h2>Promontories</h2><br>
<h2>Lakes</h2><br>
<p>There are two significant lakes on the island: Tasersuaq lake, and the Blue Lake. There are also several tiny ponds on the plateau, south of Uummannaq Mountain.</p><br>
<h3>Blue Lake</h3><br>
<p>The Blue Lake is located in a depression of the south-central plateau, at approximately 70&deg;41&prime;34&Prime;N latitude, 52&deg;07&prime;25&Prime;W longitude, to the north of the football pitch. Pipes laid on the ground carry potable water from the lake to the central waterworks installation.</p><br>
<h3>Tasersuaq</h3><br>
<p>Tasersuaq (Greenlandic for large lake) is the largest lake situated in the southern part of the island, at approximately 70&deg;40&prime;50&Prime;N latitude, 52&deg;08&prime;00&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The entire island is rocky, with the southern half progressively rising in altitude in the northern direction, towards the Uummannaq Twin Peaks mountain. The area south of the geographical center of the island is a plateau of folded granite hills, dotted with tiny ponds. The plateau falls into the surrounding waters with steep cliffs crevassed with couloirs. The northeastern coast under the walls of the mountain features a large cone of loose scree. Movement on the outskirts of the interior is restricted to mountaineering.</p><br>
<h3>Uummannaq Mountain</h3><br>
<p>Uummannaq Mountain entirely dominates the landscape of the island, its base occupying its entire northern half. Formed of granite and basement gneiss, it is the most prominent mountain in the Arctic part of the west coast of Greenland. The mountain is a landmark of Greenland and a tourist magnet, often reproduced in art.</p><br>
<p>The mountain has two summits of similar height (the eastern summit being the higher), hence the name Uummannaq, Greenlandic for heart-shaped. Deep chimneys fall to the south and the north from the col between the western and eastern summits. Its eastern wall has no significant depressions, falling in a uniform cliff into Assorput Strait between Uummannaq Island and Salliaruseq Island.</p><br>
<h2>Settlement</h2><br>
<p>The only settlement on the island is Uummannaq town, one of the cultural centers of northwestern Greenland. The town occupies approximately 10% of the island area, concentrated around the southern tip of the island.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<h3>Air</h3><br>
<p>The island is well connected with the rest of Greenland. Air Greenland has its regional helicopter hub on the island, serving all settlements in the region. Several daily helicopter flights link the island with the nearby Qaarsut Airport on Nuussuaq Peninsula, from where STOL connections are available to Upernavik, Sisimiut, Ilulissat and further to central and southern Greenland.</p><br>
<h3>Sea</h3><br>
<p>Until 2006, Arctic Umiaq Line had provided ferry services from Nuuk to Upernavik, calling at Uummannaq, Ilulissat, and Aasiaat within the Qaasuitsup municipality. M/S Sarpik Ittuk−which serviced Disko Bay, Uummannaq Fjord and the Upernavik Archipelago−was sold in 2006 to Nova Cruising, a company from The Bahamas. Since then the ferry services of AUL are available only southwards from Ilulissat, operated with the remaining ship, M/S Sarfaq Ittuk.</p><br>
<p>The cargo/passenger boat Pajuttaat of Royal Arctic Line links Uummannaq with Upernavik. Individual transport and sightseeing boats can be chartered from the Uummannaq Tourist Service. The island is often visited by cruise ships, such as Norway&#39;s Hurtigruten.</p><br>
<h2>Photographs</h2><br>
<p>Lake Sebu is a natural lake located in the municipality of Lake Sebu, South Cotabato within the Alah Valley region. The Philippine government has recognized it as one of the country&#39;s most important watersheds. Lake Sebu is one of the many bodies of water supplying important irrigation to the provinces of Sultan Kudarat and South Cotabato.</p><br>
<p>The villages around the lake have been turned into an independent municipality called Lake Sebu after being a former village of Surallah.</p><br>
<h2>Ancestral domain</h2><br>
<p>The T&#39;boli and Ubo tribes have been the traditional dwellers of the lake. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources has recognized, through Department Administrative Order (DAO) No. 2, Series of 1993, the claim of these tribes that the lake and its surroundings are under their ancestral domain.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The Department of Tourism and the local government unit of Lake Sebu has promoted the lake as one of the prime eco-tourism destinations in the municipality. The Mindanao Development Authority is closely coordinating with the DOT in the development and enhancement of Lake Sebu, as it is also identified as one of the priority sites under the BIMP-EAGA Tourism cluster.</p><br>
<p>Camels Hump  is Vermonts third-highest mountain and highest undeveloped peak. Because of its distinctive profile, it is perhaps the states most recognized mountain, featured on the state quarter. It is part of the Green Mountain range. With its neighbor to the north, Mount Mansfield, it borders the notch that the Winooski River has carved through the ridgeline of the Green Mountains over eons. The hiking trails on Camels Hump were among the first cut in the Long Trail system, and Camels Hump remains a popular summit for through- and day-hiking. The mountain is part of Camels Hump State Park.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Since Europeans first saw the mountain, probably on Samuel de Champlains 1609 trip down Lake Champlain to the west, the mountain has had a number of names related to its distinctive shape. De Champlain named the mountain "Le Lion Couchant", a heraldic image which roughly translates as "The Resting Lion". Ira Allen later referred to the mountain as "Camels Rump" on a map from 1798. It was not until 1830 that the name "Camel&#39;s Hump" came into usage.</p><br>
<p>The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) lists twelve variant names including Tah-wak-be-dee-ee-so wadso and Catamountain. While place names are determined by local usage the USA Board on Geographic Names (BGN) serves as a central authority in the United States concerning place names. Since its inception in 1890 the BGN has discouraged the use of the genitive apostrophe. Local usage is often at odds with this policy and so the name of this mountain is alternatively spelled with and without an apostrophe.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Camels Hump is more notable for its shape than its height. Isolated from neighboring peaks by the Winooski Valley and glacial action, the mountains conical silhouette is distinctive, if misleading. It has two "humps", with the southernmost being the higher, and a steep drop to the south as a result of a quarrying action of the ice passing over it. While it looks somewhat volcanic from the east and west, the movement of glacial ice created its current form and the National Park Service names the peak as "an exceptional illustration of the complex anticlinal deformation which formed the Green Mountains".</p><br>
<p>The bedrock consists of phyllite, quartzite and schist.</p><br>
<h2>Botany</h2><br>
<p>The summit of Camels Hump is home to 10 acre of alpine tundra vegetation. Plants found in this region include: Bigelows sedge, alpine bilberry, mountain sandwort, crowberry, mountain cranberry, Labrador tea, Trillium undulatum.</p><br>
<p>A direct result of glacial formation, these alpine species were once widespread but as the lower elevations warmed, only the very peak of Camel&#39;s Hump remained hospitable to the fragile plants.</p><br>
<p>Camel&#39;s Hump also supports a significant population of red spruce trees which have been under decline.</p><br>
<p>The Forest Decline Project at the University of Vermont published a study in 1991 citing acid rain as a culprit of the reduced seed production and germination.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Abnaki name for the mountain was "ta wak be dee esso wadso," or "tahwahbodeay wadso" (wadso meaning mountain), which has been variously translated as "resting place", "sit-down place", and "prudently, we make a campfire in a circle near water (and rest) at this mountain."</p><br>
<p>In 1905, publisher and philanthropist Joseph Battell donated 1,200 acres of virgin forest, including the summit of Camel&#39;s Hump, to the State of Vermont.</p><br>
<p>The bequest was intended to form a state park to be kept in a "primitive state" and in 1911 the state forester was given charge of the area who managed the land in accordance with Battells wishes. Since then, Vermont has adopted new legislation to preserve its natural areas and in 1969 created a Forest Reserve enclosing the mountain. Camels Hump State Park has grown since the original bequest and in 1991 totalled approximately 20,000 acres.</p><br>
<p>In October 1944, during World War II, a B-24J bomber on a training mission crashed into the side of the mountain near the summit. While most of the plane was salvaged and removed, portions of the wreckage (principally a wing section) still remain. The Alpine Trail passes by the site.</p><br>
<p>Though protected, the Camels Hump area is a favorite recreational venue for hikers. Trail work began on Camels Hump at the formation of the Green Mountain Club (GMC) and by 1912, a trail had been constructed between the mountain and Sterling Pond.</p><br>
<p>This initial trail would later become a high point in the "footpath in the wilderness" known as the Long Trail. In the 1950s, the GMC constructed shelters along the trail and at the summit. The GMC now trains and pays a caretaker to reside near the summit during the summer and educate hikers to respect the fragile alpine ecosystem that exists on the mountain.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, an image of Camels Hump was chosen as a prominent feature for the Vermont state quarter. While many other options were considered, including covered bridges and the snowflake photographs of Wilson Bentley, the seven-person panel ultimately decided on Camels Hump stating that it was "perfect for the quarter." The panels findings explained the choice: "Its wild and natural, like the Vermont countryside. Its unique and asymmetrical, like the independent and quirky reputation Vermonters have."</p><br>
<p>Many notable Vermont institutions have adopted its memorable name, including the childrens radio show "Camels Hump Radio" hosted by Bill Harley on Vermont Public Radio.</p><br>
<p>The profile of Camel&#39;s Hump appears in the Vermont coat of arms on the Vermont flag.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking Camel's Hump</h2><br>
<p>"With the only undeveloped alpine area in the Green Mountain State and a skyline that sets it apart from everything else, Camels Hump may be Vermonts finest peak," says Michael Lanza in his guidebook for New England hiking enthusiasts. The views from the summit are panoramic, and on a clear day one can see the highest peaks of the following states: Mount Marcy in New York, Mount Washington in New Hampshire and Vermont&#39;s Mount Mansfield.</p><br>
<p>Burrows ascends the west face from the end of Camel&#39;s Hump Road taken east from Huntington and is roughly 2.4 mi from trailhead to summit. The Burrows Trail is also used in the winter as a snowshoe and ski route.</p><br>
<p>An alternative trailhead approximately 0.5 mi downhill from the Burrows trailhead on Camel&#39;s Hump Road, the Forest City Trail heads farther south, passes some very picturesque streams and waterfalls (Brush Brook), and meets the Long Trail at Montclair Glen Lodge. From this location, the Long Trail climbs the south face, which is steep and mildly technical towards the summit. There is a short connector trail, connecting the bottom of Burrows Trail to the waterfall bridges at Forest City, for those choosing to use the Burrows Trail upon descent.</p><br>
<p>The Monroe Trail ascends the east face, which is an easy to moderate trail similar to the Burrows Trail, but slightly longer.</p><br>
<p>The Long Trail continues north from the summit, and there are numerous side trails around the summit itself that are good for exploration in the summer.</p><br>
<p>There is a clearing approximately 200 yd north of the summit, where the Burrows and Monroe Trails intersect the Long Trail. The clearing is the last protected environment one faces when climbing the mountain from the north, and once above treeline winds and temperatures can be severe at times.</p><br>
<p>In 1892, Maharaja Jaswant Singh of Jodhpur constructed Jaswant Sagar in Pichiyak village between Bilara and Bhavi of Jodhpur district. It is one of the largest artificial lakes in India, and irrigates more than 12,000 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The Luni is also known as the Lavanaravi or Lavanavati, which means "salt river" in Sanskrit, due high salinity of its water.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The Luni River basin is 37,363 km², which includes all or part of the Ajmer, Barmer, Jalore, Jodhpur, Nagaur, Pali, and Sirohi districts of Rajasthan and the Banaskantha and Patan districts of northern Gujarat. Its major tributaries are the Sukri, Mithri, Bandi, Khari, Jawai, Guhiya and Sagi from the left, and the Jojari River from the right.</p><br>
<p>The Luni River begins near Ajmer in the Pushkar valley of the western Aravalli Range at an elevation of about 550m. At this point, the river is also known as the Sagarmati. The river then flows in the southwest direction through the hills and plains of the Marwar region in Rajasthan. The river flows south-west and enters the Thar Desert before dissipating into the Rann of Kutch, traversing a total of 495 km. In spite of the high salinity, it is a major river in the region and serves as a primary source of irrigation. The Luni is not saline until it reaches Balotra, where high salt content in the soil impacts the river.</p><br>
<p>The Luni may have been the southern portion of the historic Ghaggar-Hakra river channel.</p><br>
<p>High Seat is a fell in the centre of the English Lake District. Despite being below 2,000 ft it is the highest point for about 5 miles in any direction; a consequence of the curious fact that the centre of the district is lower than the surrounding parts.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The main watershed of the Central Fells runs north-south, with Bleaberry Fell forming the northern end of the ridge. High Seat is the next fell to the south, before the land falls to High Tove.</p><br>
<p>High Seat sends out the spur of Dodd to the north west, separated from the body of the fell by Ashness Gill — a feeder of Watendlath Beck. Oddly, by the time the Gill reaches the famed viewpoint of Ashness Bridge, it has actually become Barrow Beck. The western flank here is clad in broadleaved woodland, but further south along Watendlath Beck this gives way to rock. Reecastle Crag being the principal face.</p><br>
<p>The southern boundary of the fell is formed by Raise Gill on the western side of the ridge and Shoulthwaite Gill in the east. To say that they drain The Peewits — the hideous bog on the ridge to High Tove — would be untrue, but they are fed by it. Shoulthwaite Gill does not head due east for Thirlmere as might be expected, but turns due north to form the eastern boundary. It is cut off from the reservoir by the lower parallel ridge of Raven Crag and High Rigg and instead makes a beeline for the River Greta. Mere Gill, one of its many tributaries forms the north eastern edge of High Seat. This flows from a point on the ridge to Bleaberry Fell which bears the name of Threefooted Brandreth: (a brandreth being the word for a three-legged stand in an oven on which a griddle was placed when cakes etc. were baked.)</p><br>
<h2>Litt's Memorial</h2><br>
<p>Below Threefooted Brandreth on the eastern slope, sitting on a shallow saddle above Mere Ghyll is the Litt&#39;s Memorial. On March 9, 1880 John Litt was following the Blencathra Foxhounds when he inexplicably fell behind and failed to return. A search party found his body at that place the following day. As recorded in the "English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian" for March 1880:</p><br>
<p>Man found dead on the mountains – Early on Wednesday morning it was reported that two men, named John Litt and John Vickers, who had been following the Blencathra hounds the previous day had not returned. Litt had been last seen on the bog about 200 yards west of Raven Crag where he had been, with other, resting and watching the hounds in the valley below. … Although he seemed somewhat fatigued he did not complain, and the hunters, absorbed in the chase did not look behind. When his absence from home was known a number of willing volunteers went to search for him. … Mr David Powley at once proceeded to Mr Oliver, the shepherd on Castlerigg Fell, who probably was the last person in Litt’s company, and the two immediately struck for the point where Mr Oliver parted from the deceased. They took a dog with them and it found the body not fifteen yards from the place they were making to. The searchers were: Messrs C. C. Thompson, Thos. Hodgson (Station Road), J. W. Grisdale, Thos. Harrison, David Powley, Joseph Bouch, Geo. Atkinson, Isaac Wren, Joseph Bristo, Benjamin Hodgson, A. G. Pettit, and Wm. Wood.</p><br>
<p>The memorial consists of two upright stones, one bearing a round plate inscribed In memory of J Litt who died March 9, 1880. The second stone bears a faint inscription.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The summit is covered by peat, overlying the plagioclase-phyric andesite lavas of the Birker Fell Formation. There is a small bed of volcaniclastic sandstone to the south while the northern slopes are predominantly garnet-bearing porphyritic andesite.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The upper part of the fell, in excess of a mile square, is soft, peaty and drab. The exception is the ridge itself, which is considerably wetter. A fence runs along the ridge, a useful guide in mist and occasionally necessary for bog bouncing. The summit is set on a small rock platform with an Ordnance Survey column. A rocky knoll (called Man) stands on the other side of the fence. The views are extensive due to the central location and a lack of higher neighbours. The Helvellyn range is seen end to end, together with a panorama of high fells on the other side of the ridge from Crinkle Crags in the south to Blencathra in the north.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>By parking near Ashness Bridge on the road to Watendlath, access to the western side of the ridge can be gained at high level. Ashness Gill can be followed upwards through increasingly wet country until a final bee-line is made for the summit. From further up the road at the base of Reecastle Crag a more direct line is possible, or the climb can be made from Watendlath itself, first ascending High Tove via the zig-zags. The direct ascent noted by Wainwright from the hamlet appears to have access problems.</p><br>
<p>Eastern approaches begin on the A591 at Rough How Bridge, making a start along the secluded valley of Shoulthwaite before heading up the fellside in the vicinity of Mere Gill.</p><br>
<p>High Seat is a fell in the dale of Mallerstang, Cumbria. With a summit at 709 metres, it is the fourth highest fell in the Yorkshire Dales after Whernside, Ingleborough and Great Shunner Fell. It is in the north-western part of the Dales, overlooking the deep trench of Mallerstang, and is usually climbed from this side.</p><br>
<p>To the south-east is Hugh Seat (whose summit is marked by Lady Anne&#39;s Pillar, commemorating Sir Hugh de Morville). On the opposite (western) side of Mallerstang is the more striking (but 1 metre lower) Wild Boar Fell.</p><br>
<p>It is not a Marilyn, having a relative height of 112 m, and therefore may be regarded as a subsidiary top of Great Shunner Fell, to the east.</p><br>
<p>Oddly enough, it is the highest point on the main England east-to-west watershed in the Dales, the three higher fells being some distance from the watershed.</p><br>
<p>Three great rivers have their origins within a mile of each other in the peat bogs here: the River Eden, the River Swale, and the River Ure.</p><br>
<p>St Sunday Crag is a fell in the English Lake District, part of the Fairfield group in the Eastern Fells. It is a prominent feature in the Patterdale skyline, with a distinctive rounded shape. Indeed, it figures so finely in views from the upper reach of the lake that it is sometimes referred to as ‘the Ullswater Fell’.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>St Sunday Crag is the high point on the north-eastern ridge of Fairfield, which runs for two miles before descending to the valley floor behind Patterdale village. From the flat Fairfield summit a rough slope descends over the subsidiary top of Cofa Pike to the col at Deepdale Hause at c680 m (2,200 ft). This is a narrow point on the ridge, deeply scarred by pedestrian traffic. The ground now rises again to St Sunday Crag, soaring above the dales on either side. Beyond the summit there is a swift drop to the lower plateau of Birks and beyond this is the further satellite of Arnison Crag.</p><br>
<p>The top of St Sunday Crag is triangular in plan with a third ridge running off due east. This crosses a depression (The Cape) before the lower top of Gavel Pike at 784 m (2,572 ft) is reached. From below this is a shapely pyramid worthy of the ‘pike’ designation, although its subsidiarity is all too plain from above. Below Gavel Pike is the further top of Lord&#39;s Seat before the short east ridge falls away over rough ground to Deepdale.</p><br>
<p>It is the north-western face above Grisedale that is St Sunday Crag&#39;s chief glory. The long graceful curve of the top is set above a wall of crag half a mile long, the whole face being neatly symmetrical. A series of vertical gullies slice through the crags, which together with the intervening ridges provide sport for scramblers and climbers. The crags peter out at about 550 m (1,800 ft), to be replaced by a steep scree slope falling to the valley floor, a further 250 m (800 ft) below. Fine views of this face can be had from Helvellyn and Birkhouse Moor across the valley.</p><br>
<p>To the south-east of the fell is the valley of Deepdale, separating St Sunday Crag from Hart Crag and Hartsop above How. This face too is steep and rough, although without sustained outcropping of rock. Between Gavel Pike and Birks is Cold Cove, a hanging valley cut off by Deepdale. All of the becks from St Sunday Crag reach the head of Ullswater at Patterdale.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Geologically the summit area is andesite, overlaying the St Sunday Crag Member, a 50-metre-thick layer of rhyodactic lapilli-tuff which breaks the surface on the east ridge.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>Given the fine ridges to either side, the summit of St Sunday Crag is surprisingly level and green. Two cairns sit upon the highest area, where rocks protrude through the turf. A further cairn at the northern end of the summit area marks the prime viewpoint for Ullswater. A quartz cross, now hard to find amid the bilberry, lies above the crags marking the top of East Chockstone Gully. Gavel Pike provides good views of the head of Deepdale.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The main starting point for ascents is Patterdale, either by climbing or traversing Birks. Arnison Crag can also be thrown in for good measure and the north-east ridge gives fantastic rearward views of Ullswater. A further Patterdale alternative is the Elmhow zig-zag which climbs the Grisedale face just north of the crags. Lord&#39;s Seat and the east ridge can be climbed from Deepdale, starting from the car park at Bridgend. St Sunday Crag can also be ascended from the west by making first for Grisedale Tarn. This puts the summit into reach from Grasmere or Dunmail Raise.</p><br>
<p>St Sunday Crag now finds itself on Alfred Wainwright&#39;s popular Coast to Coast Walk, vastly increasing the traffic across the top.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Saint Sunday is a local name for Saint Dominic, though it is not certain how this saint’s name became attached to the fell.</p><br>
<p>Platte Island or Île Platte is part of the Southern Coral Group of islands in the Seychelles that are part of the Outer Islands.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>At 05&deg;52&prime;S latitude, 55&deg;24&prime;E longitude, it is south of the Seychelles Bank. Coëtivy Island, 171 km further southeast, is also of the Southern Coral Group. Platte Island is located 130 km south of Mahé, the main island of the Seychelles.</p><br>
<p>The island, a low and wooded sand cay, is about 1,300 m long north-south, with a width from 250 m in the south to 550 m in the north, with a land area of 0.578 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Platte lies 140 km south of Victoria. It is a small island of just 54 hectares. with a height of 3mtr above the sea level</p><br>
<p>Platte was discovered and named in 1769 for its low topography by Lieutenant de Lampériaire of La Curieuse. And it also known as it Nickname "ill Pllate".</p><br>
<p>In the 1840s there was sufficient guano on the island to make it worthwhile excavating, and they were still taking guano in the 20th century. A visitor in 1905 stated that 1500 tons had been taken off the island the month before he arrived. He also reported on the island’s “beautiful plantation of cocoanuts which yields about 20,000 a month,” the fine condition of the palms presumably due to the guano rich soil. The island was not always so productive. In 1864 the British Civil Commissioner complained that “despite 18 years’ occupation only 17 coconut trees have been planted”.</p><br>
<p>In 1828 Platte was proposed as a suitable location for an isolation camp for leprosy sufferers, but in 1838 the island was taken over by the British administration for use as a quarantine station for visiting ships instead. It did not prove entirely satisfactory. Being at some distance from authority, the crews of the ships, in particular the whalers, tended to run amok, causing “depredations”. By 1864 the Civil Commissioner had further complaints about the use of Platte as a quarantine island. He did not think it ”of much potential utility because it is 71 miles from Mahé and vessels of 500 tons burden cannot approach nearer than 5 miles because of the dangerous reef. Also during the SE monsoon it is almost inaccessible to any vessel”. He was dubious as to the possibility of building any infrastructure on the island because “an erection on Flat Island would be…expensive – it is entirely coral with no timber, trees having been removed to plant coconuts…The only house is a hut constructed of leaves. No provisions except for fish are available. There is sufficient dead wood to burn lime and there is coral for building but all labourers and rations would have to come from Mahé at great expense”. He noted that the last time a ship was put in quarantine, Long Island was actually used, but his preference was to use Moyenne as the quarantine station.</p><br>
<h3>Coral reefs</h3><br>
<p>Barrier reefs, over which the sea breaks heavily, extend 5 km north, 0.8 km east, and 2.4 km south of the island, making it a pseudo-atoll. Within the barrier reefs, the lagoon is quite smooth, and landing is safe and easy.</p><br>
<p>A submerged coral reef rim extends 12 km west and 18 km south of the island, obviously the remnants of a sunken atoll, creating a complex of almost 25 km in length north-south and 14 km in width east-west and covering an area of roughly 270 km.</p><br>
<p>There are two tricky passages through the reef on the northwest side, available only for small vessels with local knowledge only. La Perle Reef lies at the southwestern end of the reef rim, about 10 km southwest of Platte Island. Depths of less than 4 m can exist on this reef where breakers have been observed.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>There is a small settlement on the western shore with the manager&#39;s house and a few guest cottages to the northwest. There is also an abandoned Church and abandoned hospital. the IDC plans to build a hotel instead of the guesthouses</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The Platte island Administered by the Island Development company. It An island with a small population, there are not any government buildings or services. For many services, people have to go to Victoria which is a difficult task. Then Before the people went to the Island for work they has to do a medical test, which will prove they are fit for a long rage working area without much medical equipment. IDC replenish all consumption needed by the platte island in every three month. In Example Food, fuel, medicine, and any other equipment that will be necessary on the Island to get a job done.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>The Platte island is bisected by a 1000 mtr Airfield that follows the long north-south axis, 23mtr wide East-west, and 3m Above the sea level. The island is occasionally serviced by an Island Development Company (IDC) aircraft from Mahé.</p><br>
<p>The Platte Island does also have a jetty 3mtr deep that a landing craft 400-500 ton can beach with a tide of 1.5mtr minimum. The Landing Craft Name which came at the platte Jetty in 2016 are as follows: Spirit of ton Joe, enterprise ii, little boy.</p><br>
<h2>Economics</h2><br>
<p>The inhabitants on the island are engaged in very small scale farming and fishing which are mainly for the island consumption during 2004. And IDC Proposed plan for Platte developments in the future are mixed tourism, fisheries, agriculture, villa developments + conservation.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The island is known for its rich fish life.</p><br>
<p>And Red-footed booby and sooty tern used to breed but are now extinct. Brown noddy and white-tailed tropicbird still breed while hundreds of lesser noddy and bridled tern roost at night. Barn owls were introduced in 1949 but died out in 1951-1952. Madagascar fody also breed. A year-long turtle study conducted in 1998 demonstrated Platte to have significant populations of some 40 female hawksbills nesting annually</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>The Kings Grave&#39; near Kivik  in the southeastern portion of the Swedish province of Skåne is what remains of an unusually grand Nordic Bronze Age double burial c. 1400 BC.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The site is located about 320 m from the shore of the eastern coast of Scania in southernmost Sweden.</p><br>
<p>In spite of the facts that the site has been used as a quarry, with its stones carried off for other uses, and that it was restored carelessly once it was known to be an ancient burial, these two burials are unique.</p><br>
<p>In both construction and in size—it is a circular site measuring 75 m in diameter—this tomb differs from most European burials from the Bronze Age. Most importantly, the cists are adorned with petroglyphs. The images carved into the stones depict people, animals (including birds and fish), ships, lurs being played, symbols, and a chariot drawn by two horses and having four-spoked wheels.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site was used as a quarry for construction materials until 1748, when two farmers discovered a 3.25 m tomb, with a north-south orientation, constructed with ten slabs of stone. They dug it out, hoping to find a treasure in the grave.</p><br>
<p>Soon rumour had it that the two men had found a great treasure in the tomb and the authorities had the men arrested. However, the two men denied having found anything, and as no evidence could be provided against them, they were released.</p><br>
<p>Several years passed before it was discovered that the slabs of stone in the tomb were adorned with petroglyphs, and a long series of speculations had begun. Still, the quarrying continued and some of the stones disappeared.</p><br>
<p>The site was excavated by archaeologist Gustaf Hallström (1880–1962) starting in 1931. Between 1931–1933, a thorough excavation was undertaken and the remains of a Stone Age settlement was found under the massive cairn, including a great deal of flintstone shards. Only teeth, fragments of bronze, and some pieces of bone were found, dating from the Bronze Age.</p><br>
<p>The mound contained two cists, however. On the left side of the cists southern end, there were raised slabs of stone from a 1.2 m long and 0.65 m wide cist. It was named the Kings Grave due to its size, long before it was known to contain two burials. Since the site has been subject to numerous lootings, there are no reliable finds, but it is believed that the two graves were built at the same time.</p><br>
<p>After the excavation, the tomb was restored, but no one knows whether it looks similar to its original state. A comparison with other contemporaneous graves suggests that the site might have been three times higher than the 3.5 m as restored. The restoration was based on etchings from the 18th century and conjecture. A new chamber was constructed out of concrete and a tunnel extended into the cists. Today, it is possible for visitors to the site to enter the tomb and to see the engraved stones.</p><br>
<p>The Abajo Mountains, known locally as the Blue Mountains or The Blues, is a small mountain range west of Monticello, Utah, south of Canyonlands National Park and north of Blanding, Utah. The mountain range is located within the Manti-La Sal National Forest. The highest point within the range is Abajo Peak at 11,360 ft.</p><br>
<p>This mountain range, like both the La Sal Range and Henry Mountains in the same part of the Colorado Plateau, is formed about igneous intrusions that are relatively resistant to erosion. Some of these intrusions form laccoliths emplaced at depths of a few kilometers. The predominant igneous rock is porphyritic hornblende diorite. Ages of intrusion in the Abajo Mountains fall in the interval from 22 to 29 million years.</p><br>
<p>These mountain ranges are part of the Colorado Plateau province west of the greater ranges of the Rocky Mountains. The laccolith ranges are much younger and have a very different geologic origin.</p><br>
<p>The range was reputedly named by the Spanish in the 1700s, the name "Abajo" meaning "low".</p><br>
<p>Fonthill, also known as Fonthill Castle, was the home of the American archeologist and tile maker Henry Chapman Mercer, in Doylestown, Pennsylvania. Built between 1908 and 1912, it is an early example of poured-in-place concrete and features 44 rooms, over 200 windows, 18 fireplaces, 10 bathrooms and one powder room. The home was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fonthill was the home of the archeologist and tile maker Henry Chapman Mercer. Built between 1908 and 1912, it is an early example of poured-in-place concrete and features 44 rooms, over 200 windows, 18 fireplaces, 10 bathrooms and one powder room. The interior was originally painted in pastel colors, but age and sunlight have all but eradicated any hint of the former hues. One room in the Terrace Pavilion (built on the site of the former homes barn), has a restored paint job so visitors can view the homes former glory. The castle-home contains much built-in furniture and is embellished with decorative tiles that Mercer made at the height of the Arts and Crafts movement. It is filled with an extensive collection of ceramics embedded in the concrete of the house, as well as other artifacts from his world travels, including cuneiform tablets discovered in Mesopotamia dating back to over 2300 BCE. The home also contains around 1,000 prints from Mercer&#39;s extensive collection, as well as over six thousand books, almost all of which were annotated by Mercer himself.</p><br>
<p>The home was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and was later included in a National Historic Landmark District along with the Moravian Pottery and Tile Works and the Mercer Museum. These three structures are the only poured-in-place concrete structures built by Mercer. The Moravian Pottery and Tile Works is located on the same property as Fontill, and the Mercer Museum is located approximately one mile away. Water and pollution have caused damage to all of the structures, none more so than at Fonthill, where replacement of damaged windowsills is almost an annual event.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The house is featured (by name and description) in Lewis Shiner&#39;s 1990 novel Slam, although in the book it has been relocated to Galveston, Texas.</p><br>
<p>On the Viva La Bam Seasons 2 & 3 DVD, it is revealed that Bam Margera shot the video for "And Love Said No" by HIM at Fonthill Castle. In 2007, Margera filmed parts of Minghags at the Fonthill Castle.</p><br>
<p>Tomb KV2, found in the Valley of the Kings, is the tomb of Ramesses IV, and is located low down in the main valley, between KV7 and KV1. It has been open since antiquity and contains a large amount of graffiti.</p><br>
<h2>Contemporary plans of the tomb</h2><br>
<p>There are two known plans of the tombs layout contemporary to its construction. One on papyrus (now located at the Egyptian Museum in Turin) provides a detailed depiction of the tomb at 1:28 scale. All of the passages and chambers are present, with measurements written in hieratic script. The papyrus plan also depicts the pharaohs sarcophagus surrounded by four concentric sets of shrines, the same layout of shrines that were found intact within Tutankhamuns tomb. The other plan of the tomb was found inscribed on a slab of limestone not far from the tombs entrance, and is a rough layout of the tomb depicting the location of its doors. The latter plan may have just been a "workman&#39;s doodle" but the papyrus plan almost certainly had a deeper ritual meaning, and may have been used to consecrate the tomb after it was built.</p><br>
<h2>Tomb layout</h2><br>
<p>A hieratic ostracon has been discovered mentioning the founding of the tomb, its place selected by the local Governor and two of the pharaoh&#39;s chief attendants in the second year of his reign. Ramesses IV ascended the throne late in life, and to ensure that he would have a sizable tomb (during what would be a relatively brief reign of about six years), he doubled the size of the existing work gangs at Deir el-Medina to a total of 120 men. Though sizable, KV2 has been described as being "simplistic" in its design and decoration. The tomb was excavated at the base of a hill on the northwest side of the Valley of the Kings.</p><br>
<p>Like other tombs of the 20th Dynasty, KV2 is laid out along a straight axis. The successors of Ramesses III from this dynasty constructed tombs that follow this pattern and most were decorated in a similar manner to each other.</p><br>
<p>The tomb has a maximum length of 88.66 m and consists of three slowly descending corridors labeled B, C, and D. This is followed by an enlarged chamber (E), and then the burial chamber (J). Past the burial chamber lies a narrow corridor (K) flanked by three side chambers.</p><br>
<p>The tomb is mostly intact and is decorated with scenes from the Litany of Ra, Book of Caverns, Book of the Dead, Book of Amduat and the Book of the Heavens.</p><br>
<p>The sarcophagus is broken (probably in antiquity), and the mummy was relocated to the mummy cache in KV35.</p><br>
<h2>Visits in antiquity</h2><br>
<p>The tomb was one of about eleven tombs open to early travelers. KV2 contains the second-highest number of ancient graffiti within it (after KV9), with 656 individual griffitos left by both Ancient Greek and Roman visitors. This tomb also contains around 50 or so examples of Coptic graffiti, mostly sketched onto the right wall by the entranceway, The tomb was likely used as a dwelling by Coptic monks, and there are also depictions of Coptic saints and crosses on the tomb&#39;s walls.</p><br>
<p>Early European visitors to the area included Richard Pococke, who visited KV2 and designated it "Tomb B" in his Observations of Egypt, published in 1743.</p><br>
<p>The savants accompanying Napoleons campaign in Egypt surveyed the Valley of the Kings and designated KV2 as "IIe Tombeau" ("2nd Tomb") in their list. Other visitors of note included James Burton who mapped out the tomb in 1825, and the Franco-Tuscan Expedition of 1828-1829 did an epigraphic survey of the tombs inscriptions.</p><br>
<h2>Modern archeological work</h2><br>
<p>Archeologist Edward Ayrton excavated the entranceway to the tomb during 1905/1906, followed by Howard Carter in 1920. Both of them found remnants of the materials which had originally come from inside the tomb, such as shabtis, numerous ostraca and fragments of wood, glass and Faience.</p><br>
<p>Tomb KV7 in the Valley of the Kings was the final resting place of Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II  of the Nineteenth Dynasty. It is located in the main valley, opposite the tomb of his sons, KV5, and near to the tomb of his son and successor, Merenptah, KV8. Unlike other tombs in the area, Tomb KV7 was placed in an unusual location and has been badly damaged by the flash floods that periodically sweep through the valley.</p><br>
<h2>Decoration and layout</h2><br>
<p>KV7 follows the bent-axis plan of tombs of the earlier Eighteenth Dynasty. The burial chamber has a sunken central area and a vaulted ceiling. Much of the decoration has been damaged beyond repair – its section of the Valley is particularly susceptible to flash floods &ndash; but it would have been decorated with the standard Book of Gates, Amduat and Litany of Ra.</p><br>
<p>The mummy was relocated to the mummy cache in DB320, and the tomb was reused in the Third Intermediate and Roman periods for burials and by early tourists.</p><br>
<p>Waigeo is an island in West Papua province of eastern Indonesia. The island is also known as Amberi, or Waigiu. It is the largest of the four main islands in the Raja Ampat Islands archipelago, between Halmahera and about 65 km to the north-west coast of New Guinea. The Dampier Strait  separates it from Batanta, and the Bougainville Strait from the Kawe Islands to its north-west. The "inner sea" that nearly cleaves the island in two is the Majoli Gulf.</p><br>
<p>The area of the island is 3,155 km&sup2 the highest elevations are 958 m Buffalo Horn (Gunung Nok) and 939 m Serodjil. From west to east the island measures approximately 110 km, north-south about 50 km.</p><br>
<p>The town of Waisai in the west of the island is the capital of the Raja Ampat regency. Languages spoken on Waigeo include Papuan Malay, Biak, Ma&#39;ya, and Ambel.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Jorge de Menezes, a Portuguese explorer, landed on Waigeo Island in 1526-27.</p><br>
<p>Alfred Russel Wallace spent some time on the island and studied the flora and fauna during the late 1850s while on his scientific exploration trip.</p><br>
<p>Since 1997, the island has been the site of a substantial pearl farming operation owned by the Australian company Atlas Pacific.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna and flora</h2><br>
<p>Waigeo brushturkey</p><br>
<p>Waigeou cuscus</p><br>
<p>Waigeo rainbowfish</p><br>
<p>Waigeo seaperch</p><br>
<p>Cicinnurus respublica</p><br>
<p>Golden-spotted tree monitor</p><br>
<p>Achaea simplex</p><br>
<p>Hypochlorosis ancharia</p><br>
<p>Hypolycaena phorbas</p><br>
<p>Karstarma waigeo</p><br>
<p>Nepenthes danseri</p><br>
<p>The Banzai Pipeline, or simply "Pipeline" or "Pipe," is a surf reef break located in Hawaii, off Ehukai Beach Park in Pupukea on O&#39;ahu&#39;s North Shore. A reef break is an area in the ocean where waves start to break once they reach the shallows of a reef. Pipeline is notorious for huge waves which break in shallow water just above a sharp and cavernous reef, forming large, hollow, thick curls of water that surfers can tube ride. There are three reefs at Pipeline in progressively deeper water further out to sea that activate according to the increasing size of approaching ocean swells.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of the name</h2><br>
<p>The location&#39;s compound name combines the name of the surf break (Pipeline) with the name of the beach fronting it (Banzai Beach). It got its name in December 1961, when surfing legend producer Bruce Brown was driving up North with Californians Phil Edwards and Mike Diffenderfer. Bruce stopped at the then-unnamed site to film Phil catching several waves. At the time, there was a construction project on an underground pipeline on adjacent Kamehameha Highway, and Mike made the suggestion to name the break "Pipeline". The name was first used in Bruce Browns movie Surfing Hollow Days. It also lent its name to a 1963 hit by surf music rockers The Chantays.</p><br>
<h2>Specifics of the break</h2><br>
<p>The reef at Pipe is a flat tabletop reef, with several caverns on the inside, creating a giant air bubble that pops on the front of the wave when the wave lurches upwards just before breaking. There are also several jagged, underwater lava spires that can injure fallen surfers. Sand can accumulate on the reef at Pipeline, and that can cause waves to "close out" (meaning the hollow tube of the wave collapses all at once and thus is impossible to surf). A strong swell (a formation of long-wavelength surface waves) from the west clears out the sand in the reef, and after that, a strong north swell can give rise to the best waves.</p><br>
<p>There are four waves associated with Pipeline. The left (which means the wave breaks from left to right from the perspective of a watcher on shore) known as Pipeline (a.k.a. First Reef) is the most commonly surfed and photographed. When the reef is hit by a north swell, the peak (the highest tipping-point of the wave where it begins to curl) becomes an A-frame shaped wave, with Pipe closing out a bit and peeling off left, and the equally famous Backdoor Pipeline peeling away to the right at the same time. As the size at Pipe increases, over 12 feet usually, Second Reef on the outside (further out into the deeper ocean waters) starts breaking, with longer walls (the unbroken face of the wave that the surfer slides across), and more size. At an extreme size an area called Third Reef even further outside starts to break with giant waves.</p><br>
<h2>The surfers</h2><br>
<p>Numerous surfers and photographers have been killed at Pipe, including Jon Mozo and Tahitian Malik Joyeux, who was famous for his heavy charging (gutsy surfing) at Teahupoo. Pipeline is often considered the worlds deadliest wave. Its average wave is 9 feet (3 m), but can be larger. Many more people have died or been seriously injured at Pipeline than at any other surf spot.</p><br>
<p>The takeoff zone (the area in which a surfer needs to be in order to catch a wave) at Pipeline is small, but a large number of surfers tend to congregate there when it is breaking large.</p><br>
<p>Among the many notable surfers to earn a reputation surfing the Pipeline are Butch Van Artsdalen, Jock Sutherland, Steven Ing, Gerry Lopez, Mike Stewart, Shaun Tomson, Mark Richards, Michael Ho, Simon Anderson, Jack Lindholm, Tom Carroll, Sunny Garcia, Kelly Slater, Kainoa McGee, Danny Fuller, Jamie O&#39;Brien, Rob Machado, Tamayo Perry, Andy Irons, Sion Milosky, John John Florence, Jeff Hubbard, Spencer Skipper, Chanel Raymond, Marvin Foster and Ronnie Burns.</p><br>
<p>The top surfing competitions at this spot include the Pipe Masters (Board Surfing), the, the IBA Pipeline Pro (Bodyboarding), and the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic.</p><br>
<p>Every winter, surfers can submit a video to Surfline&#39;s Wave of the Winter competition. The coveted award goes out to the surfer who the judges believe showed the most commitment and style and also heavily factor in other things such as how deep the surfer got and how big the wave was. The judges are Gerry Lopez, Pancho Sullivan, Ross Williams, and Shawn Briley, all well respected surfers at Pipe. Surfers to win the award include Kelly Slater, Reef Mcintosh, Mason Ho, and most recently, Koa Rothman.</p><br>
<p>Shaun Tomson, 1977 world champion from South Africa, Mark Richards, four time 1979-1982 world champion from Australia, Wayne Rabbit Bartholomew, 1978 world champion from Australia and Peter Townend, 1976 world champion from Australia, earned reputations surfing Off-The-Wall and Backdoor at a time when competitive surfing was coming of age. Off-The-Wall, and Backdoor are "the rights on the other side of Pipeline" - Randy Rarick, Director of Hawaiian Triple Crown of Surfing quoted from the movie Bustin&#39; Down The Door.</p><br>
<h2>Media</h2><br>
<p>An episode of Season 6 (1974–1975) of Hawaii Five-O, named "The Banzai Pipeline", was filmed at Pipeline.</p><br>
<p>The 2002 surf movie Blue Crush was filmed at Pipe.</p><br>
<p>The 2007 film Pipeline featured events at this location.</p><br>
<h2>Recent deaths at Pipeline</h2><br>
<p>Joshua Nakata, local bodyboarder (16 March 2008)</p><br>
<p>Joaquin Velilla, Puerto Rican surfer (12 January 2007)</p><br>
<p>Malik Joyeux, Tahitian surfer (2 December 2005)</p><br>
<p>Jon Mozo, local surf photographer (9 February 2005)</p><br>
<p>Moto Watanabe, Japanese surfer (19 January 2004)</p><br>
<p>Travis Mussleman, California surfer (20 March 2000)</p><br>
<p>Andy Chuda, California surfer (25 March 1989)</p><br>
<p>Malham Tarn is a glacial lake near the village of Malham in the Yorkshire Dales, England. The lake is one of only eight upland alkaline lakes in Europe. At an altitude of 377 m above sea level it is the highest marl lake in the United Kingdom. Its geology, flora and fauna have led to it being listed under a number of conservation designations. The site is currently owned by the National Trust, who lease part of the site to the Field Studies Council who offer residential and non-residential field courses there. The site was the inspiration for Charles Kingsley&#39;s 1863 novel, The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Malham Tarn is situated in the Yorkshire Dales, a national park in the Yorkshire Pennines. It lies approximately 25 mi north-west of Bradford and about 2.5 mi north of the nearest settlement, Malham.</p><br>
<p>At 377 m above sea level it is sometimes, but erroneously, considered the highest lake in England, but there are lakes at higher altitudes such as Innominate Tarn. It is, however, the highest marl lake in Great Britain. The lake is one of only eight upland alkaline lakes in Europe having a pH between 8.0 and 8.6. The catchment area of the lake is 600 hectare and the main inflow is a stream at the lake&#39;s north-west corner. The lake is 4.4 m at its deepest, with an average depth of 2.4 m and the surface area is 62 hectare. It takes approximately 11 weeks for water to leave the lake after it has entered. The primary outflow is a small stream at the southern end of the lake. The outflow stream goes underground after approximately 500 m before emerging downstream of Malham Cove as a source of the River Aire.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>The lake is home to six species of fish, as well as white-clawed crayfish, great crested grebes, moorhens, coots, tufted ducks and teal. A number of waders such as redshanks, curlews, lapwings and oystercatchers breed in the surrounding area. Two rare benthic copepods, Bryocamptus rhaeticus and Motatia mrazeki, are found in the lake, along with 22 species of molluscs—nine of which are found at their highest altitude in Britain. The lake also contains a number of submerged aquatic plants, while the surrounding area is home to a diverse number of plants including wild cranberry, bearberry, crowberry, dark-leaved willow and purple moor grass. Last seen fifty years ago, captive-bred water voles (Arvicola amphibius) were reintroduced in August 2016. This is the highest reintroduction of water vole in the UK.</p><br>
<p>The lake is located in the Malham and Arncliffe Site of Special Scientific Interest which was established in 1955. In 1992, the lake and its wetlands were designated as a National Nature Reserve. The lake was listed as a Ramsar Convention site in 1993. It is also in the Craven Limestone Complex Special Area of Conservation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There has been human activity at Malham Tarn dating back to the Mesolithic era when the shores of the lake were used for camping during hunting trips for deer and wild cattle. During the Bronze and Iron Ages, the surrounding area was settled by farmers who used the land for grazing. Following the Roman conquest of Britain the upland areas were not seen as attractive and the only Roman presence in the area was a marching camp on Malham Moor.</p><br>
<p>The KiMo Theatre is a theatre located at 423 Central Avenue NW in downtown Albuquerque, New Mexico and it is probably the city&#39;s best-known landmark. It was built in 1927 in the extravagant Art Deco-Pueblo Revival Style architecture, which is a blend of adobe building styles , decorative motifs from indigenous cultures, and the soaring lines and linear repetition found in American Art Deco architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The KiMo was conceived by entrepreneur Oreste Bachechi and designed for him by Carl Boller of the Boller Brothers architecture firm, who conducted an extensive investigation into the cultures and building styles of the Southwest before submitting his design. The theater is a three-story stucco building with the stepped massing characteristic of native pueblo architecture, as well as the recessed spandrels and strong vertical thrust of Art Deco skyscrapers. Both the exterior and interior of the building incorporate a variety of indigenous motifs, like the row of terra cotta shields above the third-floor windows.</p><br>
<p>The name "KiMo" (literally translated as "mountain lion" in Tewa, and sometimes loosely translated as "king of its kind") was supplied by Isleta Pueblo Governor Pablo Abeita, who won $50 for his suggestion.</p><br>
<p>By 1977, the theater had fallen into disrepair but was saved from the wrecking ball when voters approved a plan for the City of Albuquerque to purchase the structure. It has undergone several phases of continuing restoration to return it to its former glory and is once again open to the public for performances. The most recent preservation was completed in 2000 with the installation of new seating and carpet, main stage curtain, new tech booth, lighting positions hid between and behind "vigas" on the ceiling, and a re-creation of the KiMo&#39;s original proscenium arch. The auditorium seating capacity was 650 at completion of the restoration.</p><br>
<h2>Hauntings</h2><br>
<p>The KiMo Theatre is rumored to be haunted by the ghost of Robbie Darnall, a six-year-old boy killed when a water heater in the theater&#39;s lobby exploded in 1951. The theater staff maintains a space in a backstage stairwell for gifts and offerings in an attempt to "appease the spirit."</p><br>
<p>Paranormal investigator, Benjamin Radford conducted many interviews of theater staff as well as studied the primary sources from the explosion. As reported in his book Mysterious New Mexico, he found that the history of ghost stories has ebbed and flowed with changing accounts. One account from Christmas in 1974 has electrical cables flying around, lights popping and the cast forgetting to show up for the performance. The play was A Christmas Carol and hundreds were in the audience. Radford conducted many interviews of people who say they were there. He writes "the KiMo ghost story seems pretty solid. Its only on closer inspections that one realize that things are not always as they appear." Radford and researcher Mike Smith used newspaper archives to prove that in 1974 the KiMo was an adult theater and showing a film called Teenage Fantasies at that time. After more investigation through the archives, Radford and Smith found that A Christmas Carol was performed at the KiMo in December 1986. They interviewed an actor who played Bob Cratchit and also the plays director about what they remembered of the disturbance. Both had no idea what they were talking about, there was no disturbance "I dont recall anything supernatural or out of the ordinary happening". The newspaper reviews were positive and nothing mentioned any kind of occurrence. The drama critic when interviewed remembers nothing odd happening. There were no mentions in the newspapers that anything out of the ordinary happened, which seems odd if hundreds were in the audience that night. Radford and Smiths conclusion "All the evidence points to on inescapable conclusion: the ruination of the play - the very genesis of the KiMo Theater ghost story - simply did not occur; it is but folklore and fiction."</p><br>
<p>Further investigations into other ghost sightings at the KiMo have proved to not stand up to scrutiny when evidence is asked for. Eyewitness accounts fall apart when looked at closely. Ghost hunters finding "something" when orbs and EMF are all they find. The best "piece of apparently compelling evidence" was shown in a KRQE-TV Halloween show. Using an EMF detector, the ghost hunter became very excited when in the middle of the room it began to flash and beep. She is no where near the walls of the building and it seemed mysterious. Until Radford explains that the detector was picking up the "large television camera shes being filmed with, only about two feet away." Radford contacted Robbie Darnalls siblings who stated that they feel "exploited by the story and do not appreciate the claims that their beloved brother is continuing to eat stale doughnuts and ruin performances at the KiMo Theater". Radford concludes that the ghost story is "overactive imaginations, factual errors... standard ghost lore... misguided ghostbusters.. story... told and retold... each iteration adding or omitting details without anyone bothering to check the facts".</p><br>
<p>Williston Lake is a reservoir created by the W. A. C. Bennett Dam and is located in the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The lake fills the basin of the upper Peace River, backing into the Rocky Mountain Trench which is where the Parsnip and Finlay met at Finlay Forks to form the Peace. The lake includes three reaches, the Peace Reach (formerly the Peace Canyon), and the Parsnip and Finlay Reaches, which are the lowermost basins of those rivers, and covers a total area of 1,761 km&sup2, being the largest lake in British Columbia and the seventh largest reservoir (by volume) in the world.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is fed by the Finlay, Omineca, Ingenika, Ospika, Parsnip, Manson, Nation and Nabesche Rivers and by Clearwater Creek, Carbon Creek, and other smaller creeks.</p><br>
<p>Several provincial parks are maintained on the shore of the lake, including Muscovite Lakes Provincial Park, Butler Ridge Provincial Park, Heather-Dina Lakes Provincial Park and Ed Bird-Estella Provincial Park.</p><br>
<h3>Tributaries</h3><br>
<p>The following rivers empty into the Williston Reservoir:</p><br>
<p>Finlay River</p><br>
<p>Omineca River</p><br>
<p>Ingenika River</p><br>
<p>Ospika River</p><br>
<p>Parsnip River</p><br>
<p>Manson River</p><br>
<p>Nation River</p><br>
<p>Clearwater Creek</p><br>
<p>Nabesche River</p><br>
<p>Carbon Creek</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Williston Lake was created in 1968 by the building of the W. A. C. Bennett Dam on the Peace River, which flooded the aboriginal-territorial home of the Tsay Keh Dene First Nation.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir was named after the Honourable Ray Gillis Williston, at the time the Minister of Lands, Forests and Water Resources.</p><br>
<p>White Side is a fell in the English Lake District. It is situated to the east of Thirlmere and to the west of Glenridding valley. This places White Side in the Helvellyn range of the Eastern Fells, with Raise to the north and Helvellyn Lower Man to the south, both of which are of greater height.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Strictly the name White Side refers to the western slope of a nameless summit. However it is often applied to the whole fell for convenience as was done by Alfred Wainwright. He gave White Side the status of a separate fell, a position followed by other guidebook writers. Wainwright suggested that the fell name could have come from the quartz found on the western slope.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The western and eastern faces of White Side are quite different in appearance. The eastern face is predominantly crag and scree falling abruptly to Keppel and Brown Coves. In contrast the western face falls gently to Thirlmere, the upper parts being mainly grass. The lower parts do provide some rock, such as Brown Crag, but these are generally outcrops rather than true crags.</p><br>
<p>A great steep-sided hollow is gouged out of the eastern face, just north of the summit. This is the corrie of Kepple Cove, backed by Red Screes. Kepple Cove once contained an artificial tarn, although today the bed is merely marshy except after heavy rain. The water from the tarn was used in a hydroelectric scheme to drive electric winding gear at Greenside Mine. Commissioned in 1891, this was the first such system in the country. It continued in use until the night of 29 October 1927 when the Kepple Cove dam burst during a heavy storm, leaving an 80 ft wide gap in the earthworks. The resulting wave passed down the valley and through Glenridding village, flooding buildings and causing extensive damage. The breached dam can still be seen today.</p><br>
<p>South of Kepple Cove, between the southern ridge of White Side and Catstye Cam is Brown Cove. This also held an artificial tarn, but this is now reduced to a couple of small pools widening the stream. Brown Cove Tarn was another creation of the Greenside mine, a stone faced dam being built in about 1860. The dam is still in place but water now leaks through the base, the extended tarn-bed a smooth patch of luxuriant turf. A water leat passing beneath the north face of Catstye Cam to Red Tarn Beck can still be traced although it is now in ruins. There are also the remains of a level driven into the headwall of Brown Cove, a stone arched entrance leading to an 80 yd tunnel. Water from Brown and Kepple Coves unites with the outflow of Helvellyn&#39;s Red Tarn to form Glenridding Beck, flowing on through the village to Ullswater.</p><br>
<p>The western slopes of White Side are bounded by Helvellyn and Brund Gills, both of which originally flowed north to the Vale of St John. With the construction of the Thirlmere reservoir scheme in 1884 these streams were diverted to feed the lake a cutting being made through the low ridge which runs parallel to the shore.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The summit bears a small cairn in a sea of grass with the main ridge path crossing the highest point. Other than north and south where higher fells intervene, the view is good. The subsidiary top of Brown Crag (2,000 ft) on the western face also provides fine views of Skiddaw and The Dodds.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Ascents from the west begin at Swirls or Thirlspot. The Old Pony or White Stones Routes to Helvellyn can be used to give a start before branching off to White Side. Alternatively a more direct path from behind Fisher Place makes straight for the summit. From Glenridding in the east a bridleway zig-zags up beside Kepple Cove to reach the ridge not far from the top. It is also possible to take a direct (and steep) line direct from Brown Cove Dam.</p><br>
<p>Cross Cave , also named Cold Cave under Cross Mountain , is a cave located in the Lož Valley, Slovenia. The cave is named after nearby Holy Cross Church in Podlož. The cave is particularly noted for its chain of over 45 subterranean lakes of emerald green water. With 45 species of organisms discovered only until 2000, Cross Cave is the fourth-largest cave ecosystem in the world by biodiversity. The cave was first documented in 1832, but the part of the cave which includes lakes and stream passages was first explored by Slovene cavers in 1926. Over two thousand bones of the cave bear have been found in the cave.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>At Calvary (Kalvarija; the best known symbol of Cross Cave), the cave splits into two branches - the Muds (Blata) to the north and the Variegated Passage (Pisani rov) to the north-east. The passage through the Blata is harder so most explorers choose to continue through the Variegated Passage, which requires the use of small boats. Cross Cave continues into New Cross Cave (Nova Križna jama). In the direction from the entrance to the cave, the Variegated Passage is the left gallery of Cross Cave at the confluence with the Muds at Cavalry. The access requires the use of boats. Part of the way along the Variegated Passage is a side gallery named the Matjaž Passage (Matjažev rov) and contains several large columns. Continuing along the Variegated Passage the explorer enters the Crystal Mountain (Kristalna gora), the largest room in the cave. The explorer can climb the mountainous pile of collapsed rocks to a point well above the stream.</p><br>
<p>Hermopolis (also Hermopolis Magna, Ἑρμοῦ πόλις μεγάλη Hermou polis megale,Steph. B. s.v. Ptol. IV 5. § 60.</p><br>
<p>It. Anton. pp 154, seq. Khemenu, Ḫmnw) was a major city in antiquity, located near the boundary between Lower and Upper Egypt.</p><br>
<p>A provincial capital since the Old Kingdom period, Hermopolis developed into a major city of Roman Egypt, and an early Christian center from the 3rd century. It was abandoned after the Muslim invasion but was restored as both a Latin Catholic (meanwhile suppressed) - and a Coptic Orthodox titular see.</p><br>
<p>Its remains are located near the modern Egyptian town of El Ashmunein (الأشمونين, from Coptic: Shmounein) near the city Mallawi, in Al Minya governorate.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Khemenu (Ḫmnw), the Ancient Egyptian name of the city, means "eight-town", after the Ogdoad, a group of eight deities who represented the world before creation. The name survived into Coptic as (Shmounein), from which the modern name, El Ashmunein, is derived.</p><br>
<p>In Greek, the city was called Hermopolis, after Hermes, whom the Greeks identified with Thoth, because the city was the main cult centre of Thoth, the Pharaonic god of magic, healing and wisdom, and the patron of scribes. Thoth was associated in the same way with the Semitic Eshmun. Inscriptions at the temple call the god "The Lord of Eshmun".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city was the capital of the Hare nome (the fifteenth Nome of Upper Egypt) in the Heptanomis. Hermopolis stood on the borders of Upper and Lower Egypt, and, for many ages, the Thebaïd or upper country extended much further to the north than in more recent periods. As the border town, Hermopolis was a place of great resort and opulence, ranking second to Thebes alone. A little to south of the city was the castle of Hermopolis, at which point the river craft from the upper country paid toll (Ἑρμοπολιτάνη φυλακή, Strabo xvii. p. 813; Ptol. loc. cit. the Bahr Yussef in Arabic). The grottos of Beni Hasan, near Antinopolis, upon the opposite bank of the Nile, were the common cemetery of the Hermopolitans, for, although the river divided the city from its necropolis, yet, from the wide curve of the western hills at this point, it was easier to ferry the dead over the water than to transport them by land to the hills.</p><br>
<p>Hermopolis became a significant city in the Roman province of Thebais Prima in the administrative diocese of Egypt.</p><br>
<p>The principal pagan deities worshipped at Hermopolis were Typhôn and Thoth.</p><br>
<p>Typhon was represented by a hippopotamus, on which sat a hawk fighting with a serpent. (Plut. Is. et Osir, p. 371, D.) Thoth, whom the Ancient Greeks associated with Hermes because they were both gods of magic and writing, was represented by the Ibis.</p><br>
<h2>Ecclesiastical history</h2><br>
<p>A Christian tradition holds it to be the place where the Holy Family found refuge during its exile in Egypt.</p><br>
<p>Hermopolis Maior was a suffragan diocese of the provincial capital&#39;s Metropolitan Archdiocese of Antinoe, in the sway of the Patriarchate of Alexandria. Like most, it faded under Islam.</p><br>
<h3>Residential bishops</h3><br>
<p>The flowing incumbents were recorded:</p><br>
<p>Conon (circa 250)</p><br>
<p>Fasileus (in 325)</p><br>
<p>Dios (circa 350)</p><br>
<p>Plusianus (4th century)</p><br>
<p>Andreas (in 431)</p><br>
<p>Gennadius (circa 444 - after 449)</p><br>
<p>Victor (circa 448/463)</p><br>
<p>Ulpianus (6th century)</p><br>
<p>Johannes I (6th century)</p><br>
<p>Johannes II (6th-7th century)</p><br>
<p>Isidorus (7th century)</p><br>
<p>Eugenius (?)</p><br>
<p>Paulus (?)</p><br>
<h3>Catholic titular see</h3><br>
<p>The city was a titular diocese in the Roman Catholic Church, and still is (?) in the Coptic Orthodox Church.</p><br>
<p>The diocese was nominally restored in the 18th century as Latin Titular bishopric of Hermopolis Maior (Latin; 1925-1929 renamed Hermopolis Magna) / Ermopoli Maggiore (Curiate Italian)</p><br>
<p>Its territory was reassigned in 1849 to the Coptic Catholic Eparchy of Mina, as a restoration of Hermopolis (as its Latin title attests).</p><br>
<p>In 1949 the titular see was suppressed, having had the following incumbents, all of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank :</p><br>
<p>Luigi Antonio Valdina Cremona (1729.03.23 – death 1758.10.24) (Italian) no actual prelature recorded</p><br>
<p>Dominik Józef Kiełczewski (1760.07.21 – death 1776.02.28) as Auxiliary Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Chełm (Poland) (1760.07.21 – retired 1775.07.14) and on emeritate</p><br>
<p>Bishop-elect? Bernardo Maria Serio (1802.08.09 – death ?) as Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of Palermo (Sicily, Italy) (1802.08.09 – ?)</p><br>
<p>Denis-Antoine-Luc de Frayssinous (French) (1822.04.19 – death 1841.12.12) no actual prelature recorded</p><br>
<p>Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski (1842.01.27 – 1856.09.18) as Apostolic Administrator of Archdiocese of Warszawa (Warschau, Poland) (1844 – 1856.09.18); later succeeded as Metropolitan Archbishop of Warszawa (1856.09.18 – 1861.10.05)</p><br>
<p>Agostino Franco (1858.06.15 – death 1877) as Ordinary of Silicia of the Italo-Albanese (Italy) (1858.06.15 – 1859) and Ordinary of Italia continentale of the Italo-Albanese (Italy) (1858.06.15 – 1860)</p><br>
<p>Charles-Bonaventure-François Theuret (1878.07.15 – 1887.03.15) as Apostolic Administrator of the Subiaco Benedictine Abbey nullius of Saints-Nicholas-et-Benoît (Monaco) (1878.07.15 – 1887.03.15); later (see promoted) first Bishop of Monaco (Monaco) (1887.03.15 – death 1901.11.11)</p><br>
<p>Father Jan Ignacy Korytkowski (1888.04.27 – 1888.05.14) as Auxiliary bishop of Archdiocese of Gniezno (Gnesen, Poland) (1888.04.27 – 1888.05.14)</p><br>
<p>Raphael Valenza (1889.05.24 – death 1897.12.22) as Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of Chieti (Italy) (1889.05.24 – 1897.12.22)</p><br>
<p>Robert Brindle (1899.01.29 – 1901.12.06) as Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of Westminster (England, UK) (1899.01.29 – 1901.12.06); later Bishop of Nottingham (England) (1901.12.06 – 1915.06.01), emeritus as Titular Bishop of Tacapæ (1915.06.01 – death 1916.06.27)</p><br>
<p>Juan Bautista Benlloch y Vivo (1901.12.16 – 1906.12.06) as Apostolic Administrator of Solsona (Spain) (1901.12.16 – 1906.12.06); later Bishop of Urgell (Spain) (1906.12.06 – 1919.01.07), Metropolitan Archbishop of Burgos (Spain) (1919.01.07 – death 1926.02.14), created Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria in Ara Coeli (1921.06.16 – 1926.02.14)</p><br>
<p>John Jeremiah Lawler (1910.02.08 – 1916.01.29) as Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of Saint Paul (USA) (1910.02.08 – 1916.01.29); later Bishop of Lead (1916.01.29 – 1930.08.01), Bishop of Rapid City (USA) (1930.08.01 – death 1948.03.11)</p><br>
<p>Giorgio Glosauer (1917.07.07 – death 1926.06.09) as Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of Praha (Prague, Czechia) (1917.07.07 – 1926.06.09)</p><br>
<p>Eduardo José Herberhold, Friars Minor (O.F.M.) (1928.01.07 – 1931.01.30) as Coadjutor Bishop-Prelate of Territorial Prelature of Santarem (Brazil) (1928.01.07 – 1931.01.30); later Bishop of Ilhéus (Brazil) (1931.01.30 – death 1939.07.24)</p><br>
<p>Francesco Fulgenzio Lazzati, O.F.M. (born Italy) (1931.07.14 – 1932.05.24) as Apostolic Vicar of Mogadishu (then Italian Somalia) (1931.07.14 – 1932.05.24).</p><br>
<h2>Remains</h2><br>
<p>Hermopolis comparatively escaped the frequent wars which, in the decline both of the Pharaonic and Roman eras, devastated the Heptanomis; but, on the other hand, its structures have undergone severe changes under its Muslim rulers, who have burned its stones for lime or carried them away for building materials. A surviving Oxyrhynchus Papyrus of the 3rd century AD indicates that high-rise buildings with seven stories existed in the town. The collection of Arabic papyri in the John Rylands Library, Manchester, contains many documents referring to Hermopolis (Ushmun); they date from the 2nd to 4th centuries AH.</p><br>
<h3>Structures</h3><br>
<p>The Ibis-headed god Thoth was, with his accompanying emblems, the Ibis and the Cynocephalus monkey, the most conspicuous among the sculptures upon the great portico of the temple of Hermopolis. His designation in inscriptions was "The Lord of Eshmoon". This portico was a work of the Pharaonic era, but the erections of the Ptolemies at Hermopolis were on a scale of great extent and magnificence and, although raised by Greek monarchs, are essentially Egyptian in their conception and execution. The portico, the only remnant of the temple, consists of a double row of pillars, six in each row. The architraves are formed of five stones; each passes from the centre of one pillar to that of the next, according to a well-known usage with Egyptian builders. The intercolumnation of the centre pillars is wider than that of the others; and the stone over the centre is twenty-five feet and six inches long. These columns were painted yellow, red and blue in alternate bands. There is also a peculiarity in the pillars of the Hermopolitan portico peculiar to themselves, or at least discovered only again in the temple of Gournou. (Dénon, L&#39;Egypte, plate 41.) Instead of being formed of large masses placed horizontally above each other, they are composed of irregular pieces, so artfully adjusted that it is difficult to detect the lines of junction. The bases of these columns represent the lower leaves of the lotus; next come a number of concentric rings, like the hoops of a cask; and above these the pillars appear like bunches of reeds held together by horizontal bonds. Including the capital, each column is about 40 feet high; the greatest circumference is about 28½ feet, about five feet from the ground, for they diminish in thickness both towards the base and towards the capital. The widest part of the intercolumnation is 17 feet; the other pillars are 13 feet apart.</p><br>
<h3>Museum</h3><br>
<p>Currently there is a small open-air museum in which stand two massive statues of Thoth as a baboon worshipping the sun, and a few carved blocks of masonry.</p><br>
<h2>Famous people</h2><br>
<p>Saint David of Hermopolis</p><br>
<p>Severus Ibn al-Muqaffa</p><br>
<p>Center Hill Lake is a reservoir in the USA state of Tennessee. It is located in Middle Tennessee near Smithville. Created by means of a dam constructed by the USA Army Corps of Engineers in 1948, the lake had a dual purpose: electricity production and flood control. Center Hill Dam is 260 ft high, and it is composed of concrete and earth structures, with 8 gates that are 50 ft wide each. Center Hill Lake is one of four major flood control reservoirs for the Cumberland; the others being J. Percy Priest Dam, Dale Hollow Dam, and Wolf Creek Dam.</p><br>
<p>The lake, which is 64 mi long, covers an area of 18,220 acre. Center Hill Lake has a storage capacity of 762,000 acre.ft of water. The lake has approximately 415 mi of shoreline, with the deepest point at 190 ft. The watershed area for the lake is 2,174 square miles. The lake is well known for water recreation and fishing.</p><br>
<p>Major tributaries of Center Hill Lake include the Caney Fork (the main tributary) and the Falling Water River.</p><br>
<p>Edgar Evins, Burgess Falls and Rock Island State Parks contain portions of the lake&#39;s shoreline, the rest of which has been relatively underdeveloped until recent years. Lately, the area surrounding Center Hill Lake has been the target of land developers, who have begun construction on several upper-middle-class vacation homes and condos. Some locals protest that these actions are destroying the beauty of nature that make it such an attractive locale for such developments.</p><br>
<p>In January 2007, the USA Army Corps of Engineers placed Center Hill Dam under a high risk for failure, along with Wolf Creek Dam in Russell County, Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>The Federal Building and United States Courthouse, built in 1930, is a historic landmark located at 421 Gold Avenue SW in downtown Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is part of the complex of federal buildings on Gold Avenue that includes the Old Post Office, Dennis Chavez Federal Building, and the Federal Building at 517 Gold SW.</p><br>
<p>The imposing six-story building, faced with limestone and buff-colored terra-cotta tile in a brick pattern with molded inlays, is topped with a Mediterranean-style red tile roof and a domed cupola. The building was designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore.</p><br>
<p>The lobby of the Federal Building contains a mural by Loren Mozley titled The Rebellion of 1680 which depicts the Pueblo Revolt. Another mural, Justice Tempered with Mercy by Emil Bisttram, adorns the wall outside the District Courtroom on the sixth floor. This historically significant courtroom was used by the USA District Court until it relocated to the Dennis Chavez Building in 1965. The courtroom was restored to its original appearance in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The Federal Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Trivia</h2><br>
<p>This building appeared several times in the 2004 thriller Suspect Zero.</p><br>
<p>Old Albuquerque High School is a former school in Albuquerque, New Mexico, which is protected by the city as a historic landmark. It is located on the northeast corner of Central and Broadway NE, at the center of an area that has become known as East Downtown or EDo. The campus comprises five buildings, the oldest of which was built in 1914. After the school moved to a new location in 1974, the old buildings were left abandoned for decades before being renovated as loft apartments in the early 21st century. Old Albuquerque High was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The Old Albuquerque High campus comprises five buildings grouped around a central courtyard. All of the buildings were designed in the Gothic Revival style typical of early 20th-century school architecture.</p><br>
<p>Old Main is the original building, constructed in 1914. It is located on the southeast corner of the campus, facing Central Avenue. The three-story building was designed by Henry C. Trost and originally housed classrooms, a gymnasium, a library, an auditorium, and a science laboratory.</p><br>
<p>The Manual Arts Building was built in 1927 on the east side of campus, facing Arno Street. It has three stories and 27,000 ft&sup2; of floor area, and originally housed a woodshop and machine shop in addition to classrooms. It was designed by local architect George Williamson.</p><br>
<p>The Classroom Building (1937), Gymnasium (1938), and Library (1940) were all designed by Louis Hesselden and built with New Deal funding and Works Progress Administration labor. The Gymnasium, which sits at the north end of the campus, is the largest building with 68,000 ft&sup2; of floor area. The Classroom Building and the Library face Broadway on the west side of campus.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Old Main was built in 1914, replacing Albuquerque High&#39;s previous location in the Central School building downtown. At the time Albuquerque had only 12,000 residents, and critics complained that the new building was too large and would never reach its capacity of 500 students. This proved not to be the case as a second building was required just 13 years later, and the campus had grown to five buildings by 1940. Albuquerque High remained the only high school in the city until Highland High School opened in 1949.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, Albuquerque High School moved to a new location about one mile (1.6 km) to the north, leaving the old campus vacant. Albuquerque Public Schools eventually sold the buildings, and they were left to deteriorate over the next 25 years as various plans to reuse them fell through and the surrounding neighborhood became increasingly blighted.</p><br>
<h2>Redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>Efforts to renovate the former high school intensified in 1989 when the Albuquerque City Council authorized funds to purchase the property. In 1996, after years of legal wrangling, the city succeeded in acquiring four of the five campus buildings for $1.5 million. The city eventually settled on a plan to convert the buildings into loft apartments in a joint venture with a private developer, and work began in 2001. The Classroom Building and Old Main were the first to be renovated, followed by the Gymnasium, Library, and finally the separately-owned Manual Arts Building. The renovation preserved many interior details such as doors, handrails, and even blackboards. The gymnasium and library reading room are protected spaces and have also been preserved.</p><br>
<p>The success of the project spurred further revitalization efforts in the surrounding area, leading the city to draft an East Downtown master plan in 2005 to guide future development.</p><br>
<p>The Bugaboos are a mountain range in the Purcell Mountains of eastern British Columbia, Canada. The granite spires of the group are a popular mountaineering destination. The Bugaboos are protected within Bugaboo Provincial Park.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Bugaboos are located in the northwestern extreme of the Purcells in the Columbia Mountains, in the south-east of the province. The nearest towns are Radium and Golden. They are commonly subdivided into four divisions: the Bugaboo Glacier Peaks, and the Eastern, Central, and Western Spires. The nearby Vowell and Conrad Groups are usually considered separate from the Bugaboos.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Located in the snow- and rain-heavy "Columbia Wet Belt", this section of the Purcells is subject to heavy erosion and large, active glaciers. Originally covered in weaker rock, glaciation eventually revealed the granodiorite batholiths which form the group&#39;s distinctive spires. The surrounding rock is approximately 600 million to 1 billion years old, while the Bugaboo intrusion dates to 135 million years ago. The igneous intrusion cooled slowly, forming the crystalline structure of the hard granite found today.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally named the "Nunataks", the Bugaboo spires were first noted by a surveying expedition in the late 1800s. Mining brought the first Europeans to the region with a small, ill-fated gold rush occurring in 1895 and 1896 near Bugaboo Falls. The area was prospected and staked, but the meager deposits turned out to be mostly pyrite and galena. The name "Bugaboo" originated from this rush; the term was used by prospectors for a "dead-end".</p><br>
<p>Climbers became interested in the group shortly after. In 1910, an expedition led by Thomas Longstaff and surveyor Arthur Oliver Wheeler entered the area. They were guided by renowned European climber Conrad Kain.</p><br>
<p>Logging in the area resulted in road construction in the 1950s and 60s. This led to a new influx of climbers. Fred Beckey and Yvon Chouinard (founder of the Patagonia clothing company) established new routes on several spires. The growing popularity of the area led the BC government to establish Bugaboo Glacier Provincial Park and the Bugaboo Alpine Recreation Area in 1969. The Alpine Club of Canada constructed a large hut in 1972 to reduce environmental damage to the fragile alpine meadows below the spires.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing and recreation</h2><br>
<p>The Bugaboos have several internationally known rock climbing routes. The Beckey-Chouinard (South Howser Spire), West Ridge (Pigeon Spire), Northeast Ridge (Bugaboo Spire), Snowpatch and Surf&#39;s Up (Snowpatch Spire) attract world-class climbers. There are both bolted and free routes throughout the group.</p><br>
<p>Climbers and hikers often use the 40-person Conrad Kain hut, maintained by the Alpine Club of Canada. Located near Snowpatch Spire, the hut replaced the original fibreglass igloos placed by BC Parks. The Bugaboo Lodge, constructed in 1967, is near the eastern boundary of the park. Heli-skiing and heli-hiking are conducted from the lodge into the park. Ski touring is also popular in the group during the winter.</p><br>
<h2>Spires</h2><br>
<p>Howser Spire (3412m - North Tower)</p><br>
<p>South Howser Tower (3,364m)</p><br>
<p>Bugaboo Spire (3204 m)</p><br>
<p>Pigeon Spire (3156 m)</p><br>
<p>Snowpatch Spire (3084 m)</p><br>
<p>Marmolata Mountain (3019m)</p><br>
<p>Brenta Spire (2958m)</p><br>
<p>Crescent Spire (2842m)</p><br>
<p>Crescent Towers (2830m)</p><br>
<p>Hound&#39;s Tooth (2830m)</p><br>
<p>Eastpost Spire (2697m)</p><br>
<p>Northpost Spire (2919m)</p><br>
<p>Cobalt Lake Spire (2682m)</p><br>
<p>Triandria  is a suburb of the Thessaloniki Urban Area and was a former municipality in the regional unit of Thessaloniki, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Thessaloniki, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 1.475 km. It is located east of Thessaloniki&#39;s city centre at an average elevation of 80m. It borders on the Thessaloniki districts of Saranta Ekklisies to the northwest and of Ano Toumpa to the southeast. Motorway 25, which forms the eastern beltway of Thessaloniki, passes east of Triandria. The suburb  is named after the World War I-era "Triumvirate of National Defence" , comprising the statesman Eleftherios Venizelos, together with Admiral Pavlos Koundouriotis and General Panagiotis Danglis.</p><br>
<p>Triandria has four elementary schools, two gymnasiums and a lyceum. There is also a church of Agios Spyridonas, the biggest in honor of the Saint outside the island of Corfu where he is considered a patron saint.</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<p>CBS Columbia Square, located at 6121 Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, was the home of CBSs Los Angeles radio and television operations from 1938 until 2007. The building housed the CBS Radio Networks West Coast facilities, as well as CBSs original Los Angeles radio stations, KNX and KCBS-FM. KNXT-TV, Channel 2  moved into the complex in 1960, and the CBS Television Networks West Coast operations were based there until it moved to the larger CBS Television City in November 1952. After its purchase by CBS in 2002, KCAL-TV moved to the Square from studios adjacent to CBS&#39;s then-corporate sibling Paramount Pictures. Between 2004 and 2007 all of these operations moved to other facilities in the Los Angeles area.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and dedication</h2><br>
<p>Columbia Square was built for KNX and as the Columbia Broadcasting Systems West Coast operations headquarters on the site of the Nestor Film Company, Hollywoods first movie studio. The Christie Film Company eventually took over operation of Nestor Studios and filmed comedies on the site, originally the location of an early Hollywood roadhouse. Prior to moving to Columbia Square, KNX had been situated at several Hollywood locations.</p><br>
<p>Columbia Square was designed by Swiss-born architect William Lescaze in the style of International Modernism and built over a year at a cost of two million dollars — more money than had ever been spent on a broadcasting facility.</p><br>
<p>Lescazes sweeping streamline motifs, porthole windows and glass brick were true to Modernist design, though CBS President William Paley insisted the Squares form follow function. In his dedicatory speech, he remarked, "It is because we believe these new Hollywood headquarters, reflecting many innovations of design and acoustics and control, will improve the art of broadcasting that we have built them and are dedicating them here tonight."</p><br>
<p>Columbia Square opened April 30, 1938, with a full day of special broadcasts culminating in the star-studded evening special, "A Salute to Columbia Square" featuring Bob Hope, Al Jolson and Cecil B. DeMille. Crowds thronged Sunset Boulevard and a blimp bathed in searchlights hovered overhead as the program was carried coast-to-coast on the Columbia Broadcasting System, beamed to Europe via short wave, and carried across Canada on the CBC. On that premiere broadcast, Hope joked that Columbia Square looked like "the Taj Mahal with a permanent wave." Jolson quipped, "It looks like Flash Gordon&#39;s bathroom."</p><br>
<p>The Squares original configuration included eight studios. Studios 1 through 4 were to the left of the main entrance. Upstairs were Studios 5 through 7 and at the rear of the forecourt was the large auditorium referred to as the "Columbia Playhouse" that seated 1050. In 1940, two new audience theatres were added to the east of the auditorium called "Studio B" and "Studio C" each seating approximately 350 people. Shows such as Jack Bennys Lucky Strike Program and The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet originated from Studio B. Lucille Balls My Favorite Husband, Blondie, and Dr. Christian are a few of the shows that broadcast from Studio C. When B and C were built, the Columbia Playhouse then took the letter designation of "Studio A". Studio A was home to The Silver Theatre, The Swan Show starring George Burns and Gracie Allen, The Lady Esther Screen Guild Players and countless others. The complex included Brittinghams Radio Center Restaurant, a mens clothing store, and a branch of the Bank of America. Tours of the studios cost 40 cents and passed by a glass-windowed control room housing Columbias West Coast master control.</p><br>
<p>"Columbia Square was one of the glories of radio. It was somewhat sacred to those in the industry. There was nothing comparable to its splendor in New York" says writer-producer Norman Corwin whose most famous broadcast, On a Note of Triumph, originated from the Square on VE Day, 1945.</p><br>
<p>In early 2009, the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission and the City Council designated CBS Columbia Square Studios as a historic-cultural monument.</p><br>
<h2>Programs</h2><br>
<p>Columbia Square became home to some of the best-known comedies of radio&#39;s golden age. Jack Benny, Burns and Allen, Edgar Bergen, Red Skelton, Eve Arden (Our Miss Brooks), Jack Oakie and Steve Allen sparked to the airways from the Square.</p><br>
<p>Dramas included Suspense; Gunsmoke; and Man Behind the Gun, written, directed and produced by William N. Robson; Dr. Christian, "The Whistler", Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar, The CBS Radio Workshop, where author Aldous Huxley introduced a production of Brave New World and Columbia Presents Corwin — dramas produced by Norman Corwin.</p><br>
<p>Musical acts that performed at Columbia Square included Eddie Cantor, Rosemary Clooney, Bing Crosby and Gene Autry. Composer Bernard Hermann frequently scored and conducted Columbia Square broadcasts. Through the facilities of KNX, the Columbia network broadcast big band music from nearby ballrooms including the Hollywood Palladium and the Earl Caroll Theater.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1940s and early 1950s Columbia Square also served as a CBS television facility. In 1948, the first West Coast-based variety program, The Ed Wynn Show, was produced on Stage A. Lucille Ball&#39;s first national TV appearance took place on The Ed Wynn Show in December 1949 (aired on the East Coast just after New Year). Within the year Stage A would be the location of the shooting of the pilot episode of I Love Lucy.</p><br>
<p>In the 2005 KNX broadcast, A Salute to Columbia Square, announcer George Walsh recalled crowds jamming the Squares forecourt for tickets to live broadcasts. (Ushers would sometimes walk down Sunset Boulevard to NBCs studios at Vine Street to urge audience members to watch a Columbia Square broadcast instead.) After their on-air appearances, actors would dash to the Radio Actors Telephone Exchange in the Square&#39;s lobby to check with their agents about their next bookings.</p><br>
<p>Bob Crane was a top-rated KNX deejay at Columbia Square in the 1960s and James Dean worked as an usher. Some of the Square&#39;s once-luxurious radio theaters were converted to recording studios for Columbia Records where Bob Dylan, Barbra Streisand and many other top stars recorded albums.</p><br>
<h2>Adaptive reuse</h2><br>
<p>KNX moved into new studios in the Miracle Mile neighborhood on L.A.s Wilshire Boulevard which it shares with CBS Radio stations KFWB, KTWV, and KRTH. KNX, the last radio station to operate in Hollywood, moved after 67 years of operation at the Square just after 11:00 p.m. August 12, 2005, following a farewell broadcast from its Columbia Square studios. On April 21, 2007, KCBS-TV and KCAL-TV left the building and moved their operations to the CBS Studio Center in Studio City, thus ending Columbia Squares status as a broadcast facility, one of a very few remaining in Hollywood.</p><br>
<p>The Square fell into disrepair during the years in which Laurence Tisch chaired CBS, and asbestos problems were cited as a reason to demolish the venue. Sungow Corp acquired Columbia Square in 2003 for $15 million. Las Vegas-based developer Molasky Pacific LLC, acquired the property in August 2006 for $66 million. It planned to redevelop the 125,000 ft&sup2; complex to continue to attract entertainment industry tenants and is considering options that would add some residential units to the office and broadcasting facility. The project is valued at $850-million and is the largest development project in Hollywood, California. The redevelopment of the historic CBS Studios on Sunset was approved in 2009 with a controversial 28-story tower. Developer Kilroy Realty Group acquired the project in 2012 and changed plans — when completed the new Columbia Square will feature a 20-story residential tower with 200 apartments, 33,000 ft&sup2; of retail, three renovated historic structures, two new office buildings with an additional 330,000 ft&sup2; of space, and four and a half levels of underground parking. The development is currently under construction as of 2014.</p><br>
<p>In fall 2007, producer Viacom, owner of CBS until 2006, chose the site for MTV&#39;s The Real World: Hollywood.</p><br>
<p>The National Trust for Historic Preservation and Los Angeles Conservancy have been actively engaged in efforts to preserve the Hollywood landmark.</p><br>
<p>Santa Fe Baldy is a prominent summit in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of New Mexico, United States, located 15 mi  northeast of Santa Fe. There are no higher mountains in New Mexico south of Santa Fe Baldy. It is prominent as seen from Los Alamos and communities along the Rio Grande in northern New Mexico, but is relatively inconspicuous from Santa Fe, as its north-south trending main ridge line is seen nearly end-on, disguising the size of the mountain. Tree line in the Sangre de Cristos is unusually high  and only the top 600 to 800 ft of the mountain is perpetually free of trees, but several severe forest fires have created bare spots extending to lower elevations. An extensive region of aspen trees on its flanks produces spectacular orange-yellow coloration during the fall that is the subject of many photographic studies.</p><br>
<p>Santa Fe Baldy rises in the Pecos Wilderness within the Santa Fe National Forest, on the water divide between the Rio Grande and the Pecos River. The western slopes are drained by the Rio Capulin and the Rio Nambe, both flowing to the Rio Grande. The eastern side of the mountain consists of two small cirques, one containing Lake Katherine, one of the highest lakes in New Mexico at elevation 11,745 ft. Lake Katherine was given its name by theoretical physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer</p><br>
<p>The peak is accessed by Trail 251, the Skyline Trail, which climbs to a saddle about 1,000 ft below the summit; the remaining distance is covered by a steep unofficial trail along the ridgeline. Under good conditions the summit is a simple "walk-up" climb, but the Sangre de Cristos are unusually prone to lightning, and during the summer months, the wise hiker is off Santa Fe Baldy and other high summits in the range by noon, to avoid afternoon thunderstorms.</p><br>
<p>Nearby peaks include Lake Peak, 12,409 ft and Tesuque Peak, 12,043 ft, both located about 3 mi to the south of Santa Fe Baldy. Santa Fe Ski Basin is on the western slopes of Tesuque Peak.</p><br>
<p>On 11 June 2009, Santa Fe Baldy was the scene of a helicopter accident that claimed the life of New Mexico State Police Sergeant Andrew Tingwall and University of New Mexico graduate student Megumi Yamamoto. The helicopter crashed after Tingwall rescued Yamamoto. Yamamoto had been hiking with her boyfriend, but had become lost.</p><br>
<p>Mount Lyell is a mountain in the West Coast Range of Western Tasmania, Australia.</p><br>
<p>Mount Lyell has an elevation of 917 m above sea level. The adjacent mountains are Mount Sedgwick to the north and Mount Owen to the south.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was named by Charles Gould in 1863 after geologist Charles Lyell, a supporter of Charles Darwin.</p><br>
<p>Mount Lyell was also the common short name of the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company.</p><br>
<h2>Mining activity</h2><br>
<p>The Mount Lyell company operations centred mainly on the shoulder between Mount Owen and Mount Lyell, and to the western side of the mountain. On the eastern side of the shoulder were the old North Mount Lyell workings, where the 1912 North Mount Lyell Disaster occurred.</p><br>
<p>There was a small operation in the early days of the mining operation that was on the northern side of Mount Lyell, known as the Comstock mine. In the late twentieth century, just west of the Comstock workings was a section of the mine known as Cape Horn. The western end of the mountain has been named Cape Horn Spur, as the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company had a mine called Cape Horn in the 1970s at the west end of this spur.</p><br>
<h2>Railway lines</h2><br>
<p>A railway line was planned to travel from Linda in the Linda Valley, around the southern, eastern and northern sides of Mount Lyell. The formation was built but the line was never utilised.</p><br>
<p>The sides of the mountain have been subjected to bush fires, smelter fumes and high rainfall, consequently the resultant vegetation and the legacy of tree stumps give the southern sides of the mountain a unique appearance.</p><br>
<p>The Shipra, also known as the Kshipra, is a river in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. The river rises in the North of Dhar district, and flows north across the Malwa Plateau to join the Chambal River at the MP-Rajasthan boundary in Mandsaur district. It is one of the sacred rivers in Hinduism. The holy city of Ujjain is situated on its east bank. Every 12 years, the Sinhastha fair  takes place on the city&#39;s elaborate riverside ghats, as do yearly celebrations of the river goddess Kshipra. There are hundreds of Hindu shrines along the banks of the river Shipra.</p><br>
<p>Shipra is a perennial river. Earlier there used to be plenty of water in the river. Now the river stops flowing a couple of months after the monsoon.</p><br>
<p>With this reference, the word Shipra is used as a symbol of "purity" (of soul, emotions, body, etc.) or "chastity" or "clarity".</p><br>
<p>Legend has it that once Lord Shiva went begging for alms, using the skull of Lord Brahma as the begging bowl. Nowhere in the three worlds did he manage to get any alms. Ultimately, he went to Vaikunth, or the abode of Lord Vishnu, and asked Lord Vishnu for alms. In return, Lord Vishnu showed Lord Shiva his index finger, which enraged the latter. Lord Shiva took out his trishul, or trident, and cut Lord Vishnu’s fingers. The Preserver’s fingers began to bleed profusely, and the blood accumulated in Brahma’s skull and soon overflowed from it. The flow became a stream and finally a river – the Shipra.</p><br>
<p>The Puranas, or ancient Hindu texts, also suggest that the Shipra originated from the heart of Varaha, Lord Vishnu’s incarnation as a boar.</p><br>
<p>Also on the banks of the Shipra is Sage Sandipani’s ashram or hermitage where the blue god, Krishna, Lord Vishnu’s eighth incarnation, had studied.</p><br>
<p>Narmada Shipra Sihastha Link Pariyojana, Mundla Dosdar - a project linking Shipra river to River Narmada was commenced in 2012 and completed in 2015 successfully. The project lifts water from the Narmada river using electricity, and then transports it to the source of Kshipra river through pipes. The link project is the first phase of Rs 8000-crore Narmada-Malwa Link project. Under the project, Narmada would be connected to Kshipra, Gambhir, Kalisindh and Parwati rivers.</p><br>
<p>Puruvesi is a lake in Eastern Finland. The lake is located in Kerimäki, Kesälahti and Punkaharju municipalities. Part of the Saimaa lake system, it borders on the sub-lake system of Pihlajavesi to the south. As is the case of other lakes of Saimaa, it has numerous islands and consists of numerous open lake areas, of which largest are Hummonselkä, Pajuselkä, Sammalselkä, Mustanselkä, and Ruosteselkä.</p><br>
<p>The lake is known for its pure water and has uniquely good underwater visibility for a Finnish lake, easily extending to 6 - from the surface on calm and sunny days.</p><br>
<p>Recently, the Saimaa Ringed Seal, a rare freshwater seal species, has returned to Puruvesi. Sightings of this animal have occurred frequently in 2006, 2007 and 2008. At least one seal was also sighted in the winter of 2009 as having wintered and given birth in the eastern part of Puruvesi.</p><br>
<p>The Trans-Alay Range  is the northernmost range of the Pamir Mountain System.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Trans-Alay is located in the area where the Pamirs and the Tian Shan come together. This heavily glaciated range forms the border between Gorno-Badakshan province in Tajikistan and Osh Province, Kyrgyzstan, stretching eastwards until the border with China. To the north lies the Alay Valley and to the south, the Muksu River.</p><br>
<h3>Peaks</h3><br>
<p>The highest peak in the range is 7,134 m high Lenin Peak.</p><br>
<p>The Kyzylart and Ters-Agar mountain passes geographically divide the range into three parts: the western —highest peak (5,900 m), the central —with some of the highest summits, including Lenin Peak, (6717 m), ( 6780 m), and Marshal Zhukov Peak (6,842 m), and the eastern — highest peak Kurumdy I summit (6,614 m).</p><br>
<p>The Battle of Saint Kitts, also known as the Battle of Frigate Bay, was a naval battle that took place on 25 and 26 January 1782 during the American Revolutionary War between a British fleet under Rear-Admiral Sir Samuel Hood and a larger French fleet under the Comte de Grasse.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>When Hood returned to the West Indies in late 1781 after the Battle of the Chesapeake, he was for a time in independent command owing to Rodneys absence in England. The French Admiral, the Comte de Grasse, attacked the British islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, with 7000 troops and 50 warships, including the 110 gun Ville de Paris. He started by besieging the British fortress on Brimstone Hill on 11 Jan. 1782. Hood hoping to salvage, the situation made for St Kitts, departing Antigua on 22 Jan. with 22 ships of the line compared to De Grasses 36.</p><br>
<h2>Action</h2><br>
<p>The British fleet on 24 January consisted of twenty-two sail of the line, and was close off the south-east end of Nevis. They ran into and captured the French 16-gun cutter Espion which carried a large amount of ammunition for the besieging French forces at Brimstone Hill.</p><br>
<p>At daybreak on 25 January, the French fleet was discovered having stood to the southward of Basseterre, consisting of one 110 gun ship, twenty-eight two-decked ships, and two frigates. Hood stood towards the French fleet with the apparent intention of bringing on action, and effectively drew the French fleet off the land. No sooner had Hood effected this maneuver he was aided by a favourable change in wind and was able to guide his fleet within the anchorage of Basseterre, which the French admiral had just quit. Hood ordered his fleet in an L formation and then ordered his fleet to lay anchor. Comte de Grasse, in frustration made three distinct and vigorous attacks upon the British fleet on 26 January but was repulsed with great damage to his ships.</p><br>
<p>The Pluton, commanded by D&#39;Albert de Rions, lead the French line, "receiving the crashing broadside of ship after ship until the splintered planking flew from her off side and her rigging hung in a tangled mass." Chauvent goes on to describe the battle as "...a sulphurous hell, with cannon vomiting forth flame and death." The entire battle lasted from 7 AM to 6:30 PM, with the major action in the afternoon.</p><br>
<h2>Aftermath</h2><br>
<p>Damages on both sides were heavy, though the French suffered higher casualties. However, Hood was unable to stop the French and could only observe the land action. After the successful French siege of Brimstone Hill fortress, St. Kitts and Nevis surrendered on 12 February.</p><br>
<p>Hood left on the 14th and joined forces with the recently arrived Admiral George Rodney.</p><br>
<h2>Order of battle</h2><br>
<h3>Britain</h3><br>
<h3>France</h3><br>
<p>Kohala Historical Sites State Monument includes the National Historic Landmark Mookini Heiau and the birthplace of Kamehameha I.</p><br>
<p>It is located in remote North Kohala on the Island of Hawaii.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mookini Heiau is one of the oldest historical sites in Hawaii and among its most sacred. Mookini means "many lineages" or "many Moo" in the Hawaiian Language. Moo are large reptile goddesses honored by Hawaiians since before the time of Paao.</p><br>
<p>This heiau is a living spiritual temple and not just an historic artifact of the Hawaiian culture. Oral histories indicate the original temple on the site may be 1500 years old: the genealogy chant of the heiaus kahuna tells of Kuamoo Mo&#39;okini arriving here in 480, not from Samoa or Tahiti, but from the Persian Gulf of Middle East. Evidence suggests the current temple was built on the site of this smaller older one by Paao, who brought the Hawaiian Religion to the islands sometime between 1100 and 1300 A.D.</p><br>
<p>The current site includes the remains of the heiau measuring 250’ x 130’ with an open stone paved court enclosed by 20’-high stone walls, and the sacrificial stone. the heiau is constructed of stones that are said to have been passed from hand to hand from the Pololū Valley, over 12 mi away. One tradition states that the heiau was completed by the menehune (mythical Hawai&#39;ian little people) in one night.</p><br>
<p>For centuries a strict set of rules (kapu) were enforced at the heiau. It was a closed heiau reserved exclusively for the Alii Nui (the highest chiefs) for praying and offering human sacrifices, primarily to the war god Kū. In Kohala Mookini Heiau was the focus of religious life and order. In November 1978 Kahuna Nui Leimomi Mookini rededicated the Mookini Luakini to the “Children of the Land” (kama aina) and lifted the restrictive kapu. In doing this she made the site safe for all persons to enter the heiau and created a place of learning for future generations to discover the past. Her family has been taking care of the temple for centuries.</p><br>
<p>A few hundred yards away is Kamehameha Akahi ʻĀina Hānau, the birthplace of Kamehameha the Great. He is said to have been born here in 1758 as Halley&#39;s Comet passed overhead. The entrance to the site is on the south side. A rock is said to mark the precise place of the birth of Kamehameha.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Kohala Historical Sites State Monument can only be reached by a dirt road from Upolu Airport and is located about 1½ miles off the Akoni Pule Highway.</p><br>
<p>Turn North on Upolu Point road near the town of Hawi, and West at the small air strip.</p><br>
<p>A four-wheel drive vehicle is recommended, especially if it has been raining.</p><br>
<p>The birthplace includes a sign and enclosure located at coordinates 20&deg;15&prime;20&Prime;N latitude, 155&deg;52&prime;58&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<p>The Heiau was declared a National Historic Landmark on December 29, 1962, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966 as site 66000284.</p><br>
<p>A clear day provides a striking view of Maui.</p><br>
<h2>Mahukona Heiau and Kukuipahu Heiau</h2><br>
<p>Near Mookini Heiau are two other smaller heiaus whose access is limited. Mahukona Heiau, dedicated to Lono god, nine miles from Mookini, rises from a steep hillside. Navigators used to be trained here, in an open air setting where night skies, off-shore clouds, winds and ocean currents could be studied, to pursue voyages across the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean. Kukuipahu Heiau, dedicated to Kāne god, is located in the Kohala Mountains. It is one of the three heiaus that formed a spiritual triangle in North Kohala, with heiaus dedicated to Ku, Lono and Kāne.</p><br>
<p>Fruška Gora is a mountain in north Srem. Most of it is located within the Syrmia region, Serbia, but a smaller part on its western side overlaps the territory of Croatia. Sometimes, it is also referred to as jewel of Serbia, due to its beautiful landscape protection area, nature and its picturesque countryside.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>In Serbian, it is known as Fruška gora (, Фрушка гора), in Hungarian as Tarcal (also Almus-hegy or Árpatarló), in German as Frankenwald, and in Latin as Alma Mons. In Medieval Greek, it was known as Frangochoria.</p><br>
<p>The mountain&#39;s name originates in the old Serbian word "Fruzi" of which singular form is "Frug"; and its adjective is Fruški, which was used for naming the Frankish people. The name of "Fruška Gora" is "Frankish mountain" in English whose meaning is based on describing a historical event, viz, the mountain served as a natural border when Frankish campaigns were set up in the area.</p><br>
<p>In the time of the Roman Empire, its name was Alma Mons, meaning the "fertile mount". It is recorded that during the reign of the emperor Marcus Aurelius Probus, 276-282, who was born in the nearby Sirmium, first grapevines were planted on the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is a natural geological phenomenon as it is built from the rocks from almost all geological periods. It used to be an island during the existence of the Pannonian Sea. To the north, the mountain is bordered by the Danube river, while to the south it descends into the Syrmian lowlands. Lengthwise, it is approximately 80 km from east to west and is 15 km from north to south. Its highest peak is Crveni Čot at 539 m.</p><br>
<h2>Vineyards</h2><br>
<p>Fruška Gora also divides Syrmia in two geographically distinct parts: Wine Syrmia (upper or mountainous) and Swine Syrmia (lower or lowland). Slopes of the mountain were established as one of the most prestigious vineyards in Hungary, ever since the 15th century. Golden age of the Fruška Gora&#39;s viticulture began after 1699 and the Treaty of Karlowitz, when Ottomans were expelled from the area, until the late 19th century. In Sremski Karlovci, a famous bermet is produced, a sweet, dessert wine with the protected geographical indication. It is recorded that the crates of bermet were used as the bribe, used by the Serbs to obtain certain privileges from the Austrian empress Maria Theresa. The wine was served at the Russian and British courts, and was on the wine list of Titanic.</p><br>
<p>The slopes of Fruška Gora are perfectly suited for growing grape arbors on there, and there are many wine-makers producing Traminer, Riesling and other wines in the region. Many people have been captivated by its picturesque beauty, due to its outstanding location which is famous for the peaceful and lucrative lifestyles of its inhabitants, and a perfect destination for sightseeing where tourists can relax and enjoy themselves in the spectacular natural environment. After the fall of communism, the Serbian Orthodox Church got 10,000 hectares restitution in the area of their nationalized properties.</p><br>
<h2>National park</h2><br>
<p>A national park Fruška Gora was declared in 1960 and covers an area of 266.72 km&sup2;. It is the oldest modern national park in Serbia.</p><br>
<p>Rich fossil fauna is preserved and almost 90% of the park area is forested. The predominant tree species include linden, oak and beech. Altogether, 1,500 plant species inhabits the park, of which 200 are protected. There are also 400 species of fungi. Pannonian plant endemites include Tatar dock (Crambe tataria), broadleaf wild leek and Hungarian leopard&#39;s-bane. There are some 30 species of orchids in the park.</p><br>
<p>Protected insect species include Balkan goldenring, certain species of dragonflies and hoverflies, and Hungarian ground beetle, which already went extinct in some other European countries. Park is also the habitat of 13 amphibian species and 11 reptilians, of which 14 are protected, among them fire salamander and European adder.</p><br>
<p>Park is home to 211 bird species. Symbol of Fruška Gora is eastern imperial eagle, today with only 2 or 3 remaining breeding couples. There are 60 mammalian species, of which 17 are protected, including edible dormouse, European pine marten, European polecat and Mediterranean water shrew. Out of 30 species of bats which live in Serbia, 15 inhabits the mountain and all are under strict protection.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There are traces of human habitation in this area that date from neolithic times. Before the Roman conquest, Illyrians and Celts inhabited this region. In 31 AD, this area was conquered by the Romans and was included into Pannonia province. The Danube river was a border of the Roman Empire (Limes), and on the northern side of the mountain several Roman border fortresses were built.</p><br>
<p>In the Early Middle Ages, this area was settled by Quadi, Huns, Goths, Gepids, Slavs and Avars. The Franks expelled Huns, Avars, Gepids and Lombards from this area and formed the southern border of the Frankish Empire, ultimately giving its name to the mountain. It was later inhabited by Bulgarians, Pechenegs and Hungarians. In the 11th century, when Christianity was split between Catholicism and Orthodoxy, both communities had their churches in this region. A very important group of Serb medieval monasteries was formed on the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Since the 19th century, during the Austro-Hungarian period, cities developed so as the trade and crafts. Settlements on the mountain itself developed, designed in the typical folk tradition. Two most distinct settlements, in terms of architectural inheritance, are Sremski Karlovci, which grew into the center of the political and cultural life of the Serbs in Austria and, later, Austria-Hungary, and Irig, one of the most developed Syrmian settlements since the 18th century.</p><br>
<p>During the time, the area was part of the Hun Empire, the Ostrogothic Kingdom, the Gepid Kingdom, the Lombard state, the Byzantine Empire, the Avar Khaganate, the Frankish Empire, the Bulgarian Empire, Pannonian Croatia, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire, Austria-Hungary, the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, the Kingdom of Serbia, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro, and now is within the Republic of Serbia.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, this area was occupied by the Axis Powers, and Fruška Gora was an important center of partisan resistance movement. A liberated partisan territory was formed in this region.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Edreš Hill was used as the quarry by the prehistoric people for their tools. There are numerous Roman remains, like the fortress Acumincum near Slankamen and Bassianae, Roman town near Donji Petrovci. The town was fortified with the ramparts and square towers. Within the walls, the objects with the heating and sewage systems were discovered, so as the walls painted with frescoes and floor mosaics. In 1952, at the locality of Bikić Do, a Roman vault was discovered with 11,500 coins, including ones from the reign of Constantine the Great.</p><br>
<p>Attractions from the later period include the Tower of Vrdnik, the only remaining part of the medieval fortress, the Rivica Watermill and Stražilovo, where the remains of the poet Branko Radičević were reinterred from Vienna in 1883.</p><br>
<h2>Population and settlements</h2><br>
<p>In 1991, population of Fruška Gora region numbered 114,263 people. Settlements in the area are including 23 villages, as well as several towns, which are located on the edge of the mountain. These towns are: Šid, Beočin, Petrovaradin, Sremska Kamenica, Sremski Karlovci and Irig.</p><br>
<h2>Monasteries</h2><br>
<p>Thanks to its hospitable environment, there are also over a dozen Serbian Orthodox monasteries located on Fruška Gora. According to historical data, these monastic communities were historically recorded since the first decades of the 16th century. Legends, however, place their founding to the period between the 12th and 15th centuries. The monasteries are concentrated in an area 50 kilometers long, and 10 kilometers wide. In the course of centuries of their existence, these monasteries sustained the spiritual and political life of the Serbian nation. In the eighteenth century the monasteries became the home of monks from Rača monastery in the Bajina Bašta municipality by the Drina River. These monks were writers famous for their illuminated manuscripts.</p><br>
<p>Fruška Gora Monasteries were declared Monuments of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1990, and are protected by the state.</p><br>
<p>Ottoman documents mention 35 monasteries, of which 16 survived and are still active today. Due to the such large number of monasteries on one place, Fruška Gora is colloquially called Serbian Mount Athos. The Holy Synod of the Serbian Orthodox Church officially declared Fruška Gora the Holy Mountain on 12 October 2003.</p><br>
<p>List of monasteries:</p><br>
<p>Beočin – The time of founding is unknown. It is first mentioned in Turkish records dated in 1566/1567.</p><br>
<p>Bešenovo – According to the legend, the Bešenovo monastery was founded by Serbian King Dragutin at the end of the 13th century. The earliest historical records about the monastery date from 1545.</p><br>
<p>Divša – It is believed to have been founded by Despot Jovan Branković in the late 15th century. The earliest historical records about the monastery date to the second half of the 16th century.</p><br>
<p>Grgeteg – According to tradition the monastery was founded by Zmaj Ognjeni Vuk (Despot Vuk Grgurević) in 1471. The earliest historical records about the monastery date to 1545/1546. Icons were painted by Uroš Predić while the iconostas in the belfry chapel is work of Pjer Križanić.</p><br>
<p>Jazak – The monastery was founded in 1736.</p><br>
<p>Krušedol – The monastery was founded between 1509 and 1516, by Bishop Maksim (Despot Đorđe Branković) and his mother Angelina. Resting place of king Milan I of Serbia.</p><br>
<p>Kuveždin – Traditionally, its foundation is ascribed to Stefan Štiljanović. The first reliable records of it are dated in 1566/1569.</p><br>
<p>Mala Remeta – The foundation is traditionally ascribed to the Serbian King Dragutin. The earliest historical records relating to the monastery are dated to the middle of the 16th century.</p><br>
<p>Novo Hopovo – According to tradition, the monastery was built by the Despots of the Branković dynasty. The first reliable mention of the monastery is dated to 1641. Dositej Obradović became a monk in this monastery.</p><br>
<p>Privina Glava – According to the legends, Privina Glava was founded by a man named Priva, in the 12th century. The earliest historical records about the monastery are dated in 1566/1567.</p><br>
<p>Petkovica – According to the tradition, it was founded by the widow of Stefan Štiljanović, Despotess Jelena. The earliest historical records mentioning the monastery are dated to 1566/1567.</p><br>
<p>Rakovac – According to a legend written in 1704, Rakovac was founded by a certain man, Raka, courtier of Despot Jovan Branković. The legend states that Raka erected the monastery in 1498. The earliest historical records mentioning the monastery are dated to 1545/1546.</p><br>
<p>Staro Hopovo – According to the tradition, the monastery was founded by Bishop Maksim (Despot Đorđe Branković). The first reliable mention of the monastery dates back to 1545/1546.</p><br>
<p>Šišatovac – The foundation of the monastery is ascribed to the refugee monks from the Serbian monastery of Žiča. The reliable facts illustrating the life of the monastery date back from the mid 16th century.</p><br>
<p>Velika Remeta – Traditionally, its founding is linked to King Dragutin. The earliest historical records about the monastery date to 1562.</p><br>
<p>Vrdnik-Ravanica – The exact date of its founding is unknown. The records indicate that the church was built at the time of Metropolitan Serafim, in the second half of the 16th century. It holds the reliquary of Prince Lazar and his partial relics.</p><br>
<p>Divinity Hall, built in 1826, is the oldest building in the Harvard Divinity School at Harvard University. It is located at 14 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The Hall was designed by Solomon Willard and Thomas Sumner, and dedicated on August 29, 1826, with William Ellery Channing giving the dedicatory speech, "The Christian Ministry." It was the first Harvard building constructed outside Harvard Yard. As George Huntston Williams wrote in his 1954 history of the Divinity School, theological students needed to be isolated from undergraduates lest they drink up "more of the spirit of the University than of the spirit of their profession." A decade later, on July 15, 1838, Ralph Waldo Emerson delivered his famous Divinity School Address, "Acquaint Thyself at First Hand with Deity," in the Hall.</p><br>
<p>The building is a rectangular two story brick building, laid in Flemish bond, with only minimal brownstone trim. It has a hip roof that is only broken by a gable at the center of the long side, part of a projecting central section three bays wide. The build has a pair of entrances on either side of this central section, which are framed by Greek Revival Doric porticos.</p><br>
<p>In its early days, Divinity Hall contained the entire Divinity School. It was later used as a dormitory, then classrooms. Notable residents have included Ralph Waldo Emerson, Theodore Parker, and philosopher George Santayana. Its chapel contains a fine organ by George S. Hutchings, recently restored.</p><br>
<p>Today, the building houses classrooms, faculty offices, and several administrative offices, including the Office of Student Life, the Office of Admissions and Financial Aid, the Office of the Registrar, the Office of Communications, and the Office of Development and External Relations.</p><br>
<p>Mardalsfossen is one of the ten highest waterfalls in Europe. It is located in the municipality of Nesset in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The falls are on the Mardøla river which flows out of a hanging valley into the lake Eikesdalsvatnet, about 2 km northwest of the village of Eikesdalen. The waterfall is depicted in Nesset&#39;s coat-of-arms.</p><br>
<p>The total fall is 705 m according to SSB, 657 m according to World Waterfall Database (WWD). WWD reports that the SSB typically includes the head measurement for waterfalls that are situated within a hydroelectric system, resulting in a greater height estimate. Mardalsfossen is a tiered waterfall consisting of two large drops and several smaller ones lower down. It is on average 24 m wide. The highest vertical drop is one of the tallest in Norway. As with figures for the total height, discrepancies have been reported in the estimated height of each vertical drop. According to the SSB, the upper vertical drop is 358 m, while the WWD surveyed it as 296 m.</p><br>
<p>The water, which has been tapped for hydroelectric use, flows over the falls during the summer tourist season of 20 June to 20 August. At other times the water is channeled through the hydroelectric scheme. The highest rate of flow ever recorded in the falls is 45 m3/s. Currently in the summers, the flow limited to less than 3 m3/s.</p><br>
<p>In 1970 Arne Næss, the Norwegian founder of the Deep Ecology movement, tied himself with 300 others in protest against the building of a dam and the subsequent removal of the waterfall.</p><br>
<p>From summer 2014 Antony Gormley’s Another Time is on view in the mist from the waterfall. Due to the immense success of the project, the exhibition has been extended to 20 August 2015. The show is curated by Be Andr and is sponsored by Nesset Municipality, Nesset Sparebank, Nesset Kraft AS, Kverneland Bil and Galleri Opdahl. Accompanying the installation is a limited edition book which includes a foreword by Marit Wadsten focussing on the Mardøla campaign of 1970 and the development of resources in Eikesdal; an essay by Eckhard Schneider, director of the Pinchuk Art Center, Kiev, which explores the artist’s practice; and finally a conversation between Antony Gormley and the project&#39;s curator Be Andr.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The first element is from the name of the valley Mardalen and the last element is the finite form of foss which means "waterfall". The name of the valley is a compound of an old river name Mara (now Mardøla) and the finite form of dal which means "dale" or "valley". The old name of the river is probably derived from the verb mara which means "rub", "grave","dig" or "die"</p><br>
<p>This waterfall is amazing.</p><br>
<h2>Name and logo</h2><br>
<p>The name refers to the "Grain Belt" of the American Midwest where much of the worlds supply of barley, corn, soybeans and other grains are produced. The diamond-shaped logo was introduced early on, though it wasnt until the late 1930s that a rendering of a bottlecap was added as background. After prohibition a large billboard was erected on Nicollet Island next to the Hennepin Avenue Bridge around 1940. For years, it flashed the letters in sequence ("G-R-A-I-N B-E-L-T BEER"). This sign still stands today as a local landmark. Grain Belt introduced cap-sealed conetop cans in the 1930s. At the same time, the company offered its beers in longneck bottles and on draft.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>Grain Belt Golden, a traditional golden German-style lager, was popular, but Prohibition halted production from 1920 until 1933. The company temporarily changed its name to Golden Grain Juice Company and, like many other brewers, turned to making near beer and soft drinks until repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment to the US Constitution. Grain Belt Beer returned to taverns in October 1933 with bottled beer reappearing in December 1933.</p><br>
<p>World War II brought rationing, and the company briefly had to drop cans altogether and resort to using green glass in its bottles, rather than the standard amber color which offered better protection from light. Sale of beer in bottles and cans had become dominant over draft sales in drinking establishments, so the brewer experimented with all sorts of packaging innovations, expanding the line after the war ended. A premium beer, called Grain Belt Premium, entered production in 1947. Conetop cans sealed with caps disappeared in the 1950s in favor of flat-top steel cans.</p><br>
<h3>Grain Belt Breweries</h3><br>
<p>The company officially changed its name to Grain Belt Breweries in 1967 after purchasing the Storz Brewing Company of Omaha, Nebraska, United States, which marketed Storz Beer and Storz Tap Beer in bottles, cans and draft. Grain Belt also took over the line of the New Ulm, Minnesota-based Hauenstein Brewery two years later. The company&#39;s main slogan — intoned by a deep male voice on TV ads — was, "Been a long time a-brewing." Eventually Grain Belt introduced a new beer called GBX Malt Liquor. For many years, the company also brewed Grain Belt Bock Beer for limited release in the spring. Grain Belt billboard signs could be seen on the scoreboard at Minnesota Vikings games and the beer was a popular choice in the stands at Minnesota Twins games. The label featured the image of a bubbling water fountain, which had been built on the park-like grounds of the brewery to tout the pure water used in the brewing process. Another ad slogan was, "From perfect brewing water...."</p><br>
<p>At the end of the 1960s, Grain Belt was the 18th-largest brewing company in the US, and a major force in the Midwest. Primary competitors up to this point had been local rivals, Theodore Hamm and Jacob Schmidt, both in St. Paul, Gluek Brewing Company, in Minneapolis, Cold Spring Brewing Company in Cold Spring, Minnesota and a few other regional brewers. Business began to decline as better-capitalized national brewing companies such as Anheuser-Busch, Schlitz and Miller began targeting the markets of regional brewers like Grain Belt. These companies swooped into markets, often advertising heavily, dropping prices and forcing regional brands like Grain Belt into the background since the smaller regional brewers were unable to match the big brewer&#39;s advertising and promotional budgets. In 1975, stockholders decided to sell the Grain Belt company to area businessman Irwin Jacobs, and operation ceased by the end of the year.</p><br>
<h3>Decline</h3><br>
<p>In 1976 the remains were sold to G. Heileman Brewing Company (based in La Crosse, Wisconsin), which closed the original Minneapolis brewery and moved production to the former Jacob Schmidt brewery in St. Paul, Minnesota, which Heileman had purchased only a few years before. At the St. Paul facility, former rivals Grain Belt and Schmidt were brewed side by side with Heileman stablemates Old Style and Special Export for many years. Heileman also launched a low calorie version of Grain Belt called Grain Belt Light.</p><br>
<h3>Changes</h3><br>
<p>In 1989, G. Heileman, citing over-capacity, closed the St. Paul brewery and moved production of Grain Belt to its La Crosse, Wisconsin brewery, taking production of the Grain Belt (and Schmidt) brands out of the Twin Cities for the first time. G. Heileman found itself faltering within a decade because of many of the same market pressures Grain Belt Breweries had faced in the 1970s. A group of investors was formed to purchase the Schmidt plant from Heileman. They also negotiated to buy the Grain Belt product line so they would have a recognizable, established Twin Cities brand to market. The new company was called the Minnesota Brewing Company 1991. It thrived during the 1990s with sales peaking in 1996. Minnesota Brewing also did lots of contract brewing for other beverage companies to improve efficiency and keep the plant operating closer to capacity.</p><br>
<h4>New Ownership</h4><br>
<p>In 2001, the company launched a line of specialty craft beers under the "Brewer&#39;s Cave" and "Grain Belt Archive Series" brand names. These beers were high quality, all-malt products brewed without adjunct grains such as corn or rice. Most were highly hopped and very flavorful to appeal to the new breed of craft beer drinkers. Unfortunately, in a classic case of "too little, too late", these fine Grain Belt beers came a bit late to save the company, which was facing financial problems.</p><br>
<p>History repeated itself yet again, and by 2001 sales were off 50% from their 1996 highs.</p><br>
<p>The companys debt deepened, and Minnesota Brewing filed for bankruptcy in February 2002. On June 24, 2002 the brewerys doors were closed. The Grain Belt brand was bought in August 2002 by a longtime rival Minnesota brewer, the August Schell Brewing Company of New Ulm. Schell brews and packages Grain Belt Premium, Grain Belt Premium Light, Grain Belt Nordeast, and Grain Belt Lock & Dam, primarily for the Minnesota market. Grain Belt Premium has since become Schell&#39;s most popular brand, and has earned an especially strong following in the younger demographic of the region.</p><br>
<h2>The former brewery</h2><br>
<p>The former brewery building in Northeast, Minneapolis, located north of Broadway Street Northeast on the east bank of the Mississippi River, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It was renovated and redeveloped by Ryan Companies for multiple tenants. The contributing structures include the Brewhouse, currently the home of RSP Architects, which was designed by the architectural firm of Wolff and Lehle; the power station (Boiler House); the Wagon Shed and Shops (Gasthaus), which has become the Pierre Bottineau Branch of Hennepin County Library; the Grain Belt Office Building (designed by Carl F. Struck); the Bottling House, including the 1969 addition, which now serves as a space for artist studios; the 1910 Warehouse, including its 1949 and 1957 additions, but not its 1964 addition, which has been developed into office and light industrial space; and a railroad spur. The Keg House is also part of the complex, but not part of the Registered Historic Place entry. The renovation has won the National Preservation Award from the American Institute of Architects. The area forms an anchor to the Northeast Minneapolis Arts District, including many members of the Northeast Minneapolis Arts Association. The 1964 addition to the warehouse will be demolished as part of the development of Sheridan Memorial Park.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural references</h2><br>
<p>Brooklyn rock band The Hold Steady mentions Grain Belt in their song "Party Pit" from the album Boys and Girls in America.</p><br>
<p>Grain Belt Premium can be seen on the headstone of Marvin Erickson during the "Tailgate" episode of How I Met Your Mother.</p><br>
<h2>Additional Resources</h2><br>
<p>The of Grain Belt Breweries are available for research use at the</p><br>
<p>The Ganges basin is a part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin draining 1,086,000 square kilometres in Tibet, Nepal, India and Bangladesh. To the north, the Himalaya or lower parallel ranges beyond form the Ganges-Brahmaputra divide. On the west the Ganges Basin borders the Indus basin and then the Aravalli ridge. Southern limits are the Vindhyas and Chota Nagpur Plateau. On the east the Ganges merges with the Brahmaputra through a complex system of common distributaries into the Bay of Bengal. Its catchment lies in the states of Uttar Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh , Bihar , Rajasthan , West Bengal , Haryana , Himachal Pradesh  and Delhi , the whole of Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. Several tributaries rise inside Tibet before flowing south through Nepal. The basin has a population of more than 500 million, making it the most populated river basin in the world.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The basin comprises semi-arid valleys in the rain shadow north of the Himalaya, densely forested mountains south of the highest ranges, the scrubby Shiwalik foothills and the fertile Gangetic Plains. Central highlands south of the Gangetic Plain have plateaus, hills and mountains intersected by valleys and river plains. The important soil types found in the basin are sand, loam, clay and their combinations such as sandy loam, silty clay etc.</p><br>
<p>The annual surface water potential of the basin has been assessed as 525 km³ in India, out of which 250 km³ is utilisable water. There is about 580,000 km² of arable land; 29.5% of the cultivable area of India.</p><br>
<p>Water-related issues of the basin are due to both high and low flows. In India, the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal are affected by floods. Bangladesh – at the confluence of Brahmaputra River and Ganges River – suffers from severe floods almost every year. Northern Ganges tributaries such as Kosi, Gandak and Mahananda are the most flood-prone, but southern tributaries also contribute. Low flows are caused by scarcity of rainfall outside the summer Monsoon, and sometimes by failure of this monsoon to develop to its normal extent.</p><br>
<p>The Gangea is joined by Kosi, Ghaghra, Gandak from the Himalayas and by Chambal, Betwa, Son from the peninsular region.</p><br>
<p>Mismi is a 5,597 m mountain peak of volcanic origin in the Chila mountain range in the Andes of Peru. A glacial stream on the Mismi was firmly identified as the most distant source of the Amazon River in 1996; this finding was confirmed in 2001 and again in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The waters from Mismi flow into the streams Carhuasanta and Apachita, which flow into the Apurímac River. It is a tributary of the Ucayali which later joins the Marañón to form the Amazon proper.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Mismi is about 160 km west of Lake Titicaca and 700 km southeast of Peru&#39;s capital city, Lima, in the Arequipa Region. It is one of the highest points of Colca Canyon. There are several glaciers on the peak.</p><br>
<h2>The Cousteau Amazon Expedition</h2><br>
<p>In 1982 Jean-Michel Cousteau led a large scale scientific exploration of the Amazon from its mouth to its origin. The “Cousteau Amazon Expedition” cost eleven million dollars and culminated in a six-hour television documentary titled “Cousteau’s Amazon” released in 1983. It offered study information to last years and gave insights into the biology and geology of the largest river system on earth. This expedition was broken into three separate groups and the upper Amazon section was covered by “The Flying Expedition” tasked with exploring the upper third to Arequipa from the river&#39;s origin.</p><br>
<p>Traditionally, explorers and geographers define the origin of a river system by tracking the longest tributaries while heading upstream, as volume can change dramatically from month to month. In a system as complex as the Amazon basin with dozen of streams as candidates in previously poorly mapped areas, no consensus could plausibly be substantiated for some time, and the origin was left to speculation. Half a dozen sites claimed title to "The Origin of the Amazon" and until 1982 several were in the running. But in 1971 Loren McIntyre discovered the true source of the Amazon before anyone else. This has since been confirmed by satellite.</p><br>
<p>Using an international team of twelve and bringing in expeditionary specialists from Germany, France, Argentina, Peru and the USA, Jean-Michel Cousteau put together resources and logistics spanning a thousand miles of unknown jungle.</p><br>
<p>The Upper Amazon expedition (The Flying Expedition) included an Eastern European multi-axled articulated Land Rover for use on land, a float plane Papagaiu, for air support and reconnaissance, and the Peruvian Air Force offered a high elevation helicopter to reach the upper levels of the Chila mountain range in Peru.</p><br>
<p>Expedition support bases were established in Cuzco, in the mountains, in Arequipa, and high in the Chilca mountain range at Caylloma for the quest to find the origin of the Amazon. Many locations were remote, making it necessary to surmount language, terrain and logistical difficulties, as the mountain team made their way up the Selinque River to the flanks of the Mismi. At this mountains base, Cousteau dispatched a team of German alpinists who climbed the 18,000 foot volcano and returned in two days. During their descent, they found melt water dropping into a fissure. This cleft varied from two meters to half a meter wide, angling down the slope. This stream flowed nearly fifty meters before disappearing, emerging again lower to flow between stones and continue its course. They discovered that within the fissure, the water was deep enough to float a small craft, and realized that they were presented with an opportunity. Utilizing pack llamas, kayaker Caril Ridley was brought to the site, and in June 1982, navigating by kayak, became the first person to run the origins of the Amazon. Later expeditions refined our understanding of the rivers many origins and its subsequent course to the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<h2>National Geographic Society Expedition</h2><br>
<p>In 2001, it was verified that the main headwater of the Amazon River has its glacial source on the Mismi. An expedition of the National Geographic Society discovered that the Qarwasanta stream flowing into Apurímac River originates on the northern slopes of the mountain and then runs its course through other tributaries and rivers to help form the main Amazon River. Brazilian scientists in 2007 confirmed that the headwaters of Apurímac River are the source of the Amazon River was, and pointed at Mismi as the most probable source of the Amazon.</p><br>
